2007英语四级备战之四级阅读(二)
文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:12:01 14:19:04
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of staying up late on the night before an examination.
Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won’t work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working). This kind of reasoning is called, in short, effect to effect. It is quite common reasoning through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights
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