四六级听力要提高，VOA不可少四六级英语资料下载 快乐看美剧，轻松学英语四六级考前，一定要许愿哦 英乐盒子，带你领略听力的美妙挑战四级710分：模拟训练 最酷最酷最便捷的『英语速成法』大学英语四六级历年真题和资料下载 英译汉（60分） Freed by warming, /waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing（咬、侵蚀） at coastal settlements（村落）/around the Arctic Circle（北极圈）. In Bykovsky（）, a village of 457 people on Russia’s northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, /creeping（爬行） closer and closer to houses and tanks（大容器） of heating oil（采暖用油）, /at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year. "It is practically all ice – permafrost（永久冻土） - and it is thawing（融化）." For the four million people /who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those /whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, /the preservation of their culture. A push to develop the North, /quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum（石油） fields in the Barents and Kara Seas /has raised fears of catastrophic accidents /as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied（液化的） gas churn（作动词－搅动翻腾） /through the fisheries off Scandinavia, /headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution /as generators（发电机）, smokestacks（大烟囱） and large vehicles sprout（发芽、发展） to support the growing energy industry. Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska （阿拉斯加）as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit（因纽特人/爱斯基摩人） villages /at a projected（计划的） cost of $100 million or more for each one. Across the Arctic, indigenous（本地的） tribes with traditions /shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding（不知所措、困惑）. In Finnmark（）, Norway’s northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter /as an endless snowy plateau（高原）, silent but for the cries of the reindeer /and the occasional whine（鸣叫） of a snowmobile（摩托雪橇） herding（放牧） them. A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder. Few countries rival Norway /when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished（过分慷慨、浪费） its oil wealth on the region, /and Sami（萨米人） culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance（文艺复兴）. And yet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood, /intractably（strongly） entwined(使缠绕) with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, /which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through /to the lichen（地衣） they eat. "The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Eira, sitting inside his home /made of reindeer hides（兽皮）. "They don’t mark the change of weather. It is only people /who live in nature and get resources from nature /who mark it." 参考答案： 随着天气变暖，北极圈的冰层开始融化，海水涌上来开始侵蚀沿岸村落。 拜考夫斯凯村位于俄罗斯东北部沿海地区，居住着457个村民，这里的海岸线已经遭到破坏，海水正以每年15－18英尺的速度向内陆的房屋和采暖用油桶逼近。 “这里本来全都是冰，我们称之为永久冻土，但是现在已经开始融化了。”对于居住在北极圈里的四百万人来说，气候变化给他们带来了新的机遇。但是，这也威胁着他们赖以生存的环境和家园，而对于那些祖祖辈辈生活在冰雪荒原的人们来说，这还关乎他们能否保住自己的文化。 对北部地区的进一步开发随着北冰洋的融化加快了脚步，给当地人民带来了利益，也带来了危险。在巴伦支海和卡拉海发现了广阔的油田，但人们担心先装满石油然后很快就是液化天燃气的轮船发生灾难事故，这些船将卷起海浪，穿过斯堪地那维亚半岛近海的捕鱼区，一直开往欧洲和北美州市场。当越来越多的发电机、大烟囱和各种重型车辆进入这个地区帮助发展能源工业时，也会使这片处女地受到污染。 阿拉斯加州也存在着海岸侵蚀的问题，这迫使美国政府打算迁移数个因纽特人的村庄，每个村庄的预计搬迁费用高达一亿多美元。 在北极区，在极端冰冷环境里生存了几百年的本地部落注意到了气候和野生动物的变化，他们想去适应这种变化，但常常不知所措。 在挪威最北面的芬马克省，每到冬末，北极的大片土地一望无际，好像冰雪高原，万籁俱寂，偶尔只会听见几声驯鹿的鸣叫和摩托雪橇放牧驯鹿的轰鸣。 但是即使在那里，人们也感受到了北极的变化。“驯鹿越来越不开心。”31岁的养鹿人埃拉说道。 其实谈及保护环境和本土习俗，没有什么国家可以与挪威相提并论。政府把开发石油获得的财富都用在了北极地区，萨米人的文化也因此得到了某种意义上的复兴。 但是无论有多少来自于政府的支持都无法让埃拉相信，他以鹿为生的日子将会和以往一样。象德克萨斯州的养牛人，他对自己放养的驯鹿数量守口如瓶，但是他说，春秋两季气温上升，导致表层雪融化，天冷后结成冰，驯鹿就更难于刨食到地表的植物。 “那些制定政策的人都住在南方的城市里，”埃拉坐在用鹿皮搭建的家里说，“那些决策者注意不到天气的变化。只有真正住在大自然里、从大自然获得生活资源的人才能注意到这一切。”