Develop Project Management Plan:Tools and Techniques 制定项目管理计划：工具与技术 1 Project Management Methodology 1 项目管理方法系 The project management methodology defines a process,which aids a project management team in developing and controlling changes to the project management plan. 项目管理方法系确定了协助项目管理团队制定和控制项目管理计划变更的过程。 2 Project Management Information System 2 项目管理信息系统 The project management information system,an automated system,is used by the project management team to support generation of the project management plan,facilitate feedback as the document is developed,control changes to the project management plan,and release the approved document. 项目管理信息系统是一个自动化系统，项目管理团队利用项目管理信息系统制定项目管理计划，在制定项目管理计划时促进反馈，控制项目管理计划的变更，发布批准的项目管理计划。 Configuration Management System 配置管理系统 The configuration management system is a subsystem of the overall project management information system.The system includes the process for submitting proposed changes,tracking systems for reviewing and approving proposed changes,defining approval levels for authorizing changes,and providing a method to validate approved changes.In most application areas,the configuration management system includes the change control system.The configuration management system is also a collection of formal documented procedures used to apply technical and administrative direction and surveillance to: 配置管理系统是整个项目管理信息系统的一个子系统。该系统包括的过程用于提交变更建议，追踪变更建议的审查与批准制度，确定变更的批准级别，以及确认批准的变更方法。在大多数应用领域，配置管理系统包含变更控制系统。配置管理系统还是正式形成为文件的程序的全体，用于为下列事项提供技术和行政指导和监督： Identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a product or component 识别产品或组成部分的功能与实体特征并形成文件 Control any changes to such characteristics 控制上述特征的所有变更 Record and report each change and its implementation status 记录并报告每一变更及其实施状况 Support the audit of the products or components to verify conformance to requirements. 辅助产品或组成部分的审查，核实是否符合要求 Change Control System 变更控制系统 The change control system is a collection of formal documented procedures that define how project deliverables and documentation are controlled,changed,and approved.The change control system is a subsystem of the configuration management system.For example,for information technology systems,a change control system can include the specifications（scripts,source code,data definition language,etc.）for each software component. 变更控制系统是正式形成文件的过程的全体，用于确定控制、改变和批准项目可交付成果和文件的方式、方法。变更控制系统是配置管理系统的一个子系统。例如，对于信息技术系统而言，变更控制系统可以包括每一软件组件的技术规定说明书（脚本、源代码、数据定义语言等）。 3 Expert Judgment 3 专家判断 Expert judgment is applied to develop technical and management details to be included in the project management plan. 在制定应列入项目管理计划中的任何技术与管理细节时都会用到专家判断。