Passage 2 Elderly people respond best to a calm and unhurried environment. This is not always easy to provide as their behaviour can sometimes be irritating. If they get excited or upset they may become more confused and more difficult to look after. Although sometimes it can be extremely difficult, it is best to be patient and not get upset yourself. You should always encourage old people to do as much as possible for themselves but be ready to lend a helping hand when necessary. Failing memory makes it difficult for the person to recall all the basic kinds of information we take for granted. The obvious way to help in this situation is to supply the information that is missing and help them make sense of what is going on. You must use every opportunity to provide information but remember to keep it simple and straightforward. "Good morning Mum. This is Fiona, your daughter. It is eight o’clock, so if you get up now, we can have breakfast downstairs." When the elderly person makes confused statements e. g. about going out to his or her old employment or visiting a dead relative, correct in a calm matter of fact fashion: "You don’t work in the office any more. You are retired now. Will you come and help me with the dishes?" We rely heavily on the information provided by signposts, clocks, calendars and newspapers. These assist us to organise and direct our behavior. Confused old people need these aids all the time to compensate for their poor memory. Encourage them to use reminder boards or diaries for important coming events and label the contents of different cupboards and drawers. Many other aids such as information cards, old photos, scrap books, addresses or shopping lists could help in individual case . 40. The main subject of the passage about elderly people is ________. A. their general care and welfare B. promoting their physical and mental health C. how they can be helped to look after themselves as far as possible D. assisting people with physical problems to live a normal life 41. The passage give help for one. responsible for an elderly forgetful person by _______. A. removing some of his or her worries about the job B. suggesting sensible things to do in these circumstances C. providing ideas that help in recovering the lost memory D. explaining the causes of loss of memory