一、时态语态常见错误设置及答题思路 ［常见错误］ 1.句中动词(含谓语、非谓语)时态形式与所给或暗示的时间状语不一致； 2.应用被动语态而错用了主动语态,此错常设置在非谓语动词中； 3.将没有进行时、表示动作结果的感官动词误用进行时； 4.将非及物动词误用被动语态。 例句： The changes that took (A) place in air travel during (B) the last sixty years would have seemed (C) completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at (D) the turn of the 19th century. (答案：A have taken,因与during the last sixty years不一致) With (A) production having gone (B) up steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing (C) supply of (D) raw materials. (答案：B going,因与句中steadily, needs暗示的时间不一致) The idea that (A) learning is a (B) lifelong process has expressed (C) by philosophers and educationalists throughout (D) the centuries. (答案：C has been expressed,应为被动语态) Not too many (A) years ago (B) my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) . (答案：C to be seen,应为被动语态) He was seeing (A) somebody creeping (B) into the house through (C) the open (D) window last night. (答案：A saw,表示结果的感官动词没有进行时) If it doesn t (A) rain within (B) the next few weeks, the crops (C) will have to be watered if they are to be survived (D) . (答案：D to survive, survive此处为非及物动词) ［辨错思路］ 如果句中动词划有横线,考生就应分析一下是否时态有错误,即动词的时态形式是否与句中给出的或暗示的时间状语相呼应；动词的语态形式与所涉及的人或物的关系是施动还是受动,是受动关系就要用被动式。 ［改错要领］ 1.掌握与某个特定时态连用的时间状语。 与现在时连用的时间状语有：every day, always, usually, sometimes, twice a week, often等； 与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：recently, lately, since, already, so far, these days, for, yet, in (over, during)the last(past)two years(months, weeks)等； 与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by 2000(the end of this year), up to 21st century, when从句等； 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by(up to)1960(或其他过去时间), between 1914 and 1945(或其他过去时间)。 2.注意不同时态的配合与呼应。 主句是将来时,从句可以是现在完成时,一般现在时； 主句是过去时,从句可以是过去进行时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去将来时。 3.熟悉时态替代的用法。 从句在表示将来时间概念时,视情况用一般现在时或现在进行时替代；从句表示将来完成时的概念时,用现在完成时替代；go, come, leave的过去进行时可以替代过去将来时。 4.测试谓语动词时态的试题常同时测试主谓一致关系或语态,在答题时应全面考虑。 5.动词短语作谓语的被动语态句中,注意不要将介词丢掉；如样题辨错改错部分(1)。