安通学校MBA联考英语之英译汉精讲(4)

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 09:07:59
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

状语从句的译法

英语状语从句表示时间原因条件让步目的等等, 英语状语从句用在主句后面的较多, 而汉语的状语从句用在主句前的较多, 因此, 在许多情况下, 应将状语从句放在主句前面下面我们通过一些实例说明它们常用的翻译方法。

例1.When the levels reached 6 percent the crew members would become mentally confused, unable to take measures to preserve their lives. 当含量达到6%时, 飞船上的人员将会神经错乱, 无法采取保护自己生命的措施时间状语从句。

例2.When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”. (83年考题) 当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来时间状语从句。

例3.When tables and other materials are included, they should be conveniently placed, so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.当书中列有表格或其他参考资料时, 应当将这些内容编排在适当的位置, 以便使学生在查阅时, 不必翻太多的书页时间状语从句 。

例4.This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to contradict what the “law” would lead one to expect. 每当发现一个事实使人感到与该定律应得出的预期结论相矛盾的时候, 就发生这种情况时间状语从句。

例5.Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a ´.valid´. or ´. fair´. comparison. (92年考题) 既然对智力的评估是比较而言的, 那么我们必须确保, 在对我们的对象进行比较时, 我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较原因状语从句

例6.The policies open to developing countries are more limited than for industrialized nations because the proper economies respond less to changing conditions and administrative control. 由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些, 政府对这种经济的控制作用也小一些, 所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性原因状语从句。

例7.For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. (95年考题) 例如, 他们(测试)并不对社会总的不平等作出补偿, 因此, 测试不能告诉我们, 一个社会地位低下的年轻人如果生活在较为优越的条件下, 会有多大的才能结果状语从句。

例8.It also plays an important role in making the earth more habitable, as warm ocean currents bring milder temperatures to places that would otherwise be quite cold. 由于温暖的洋流能把温暖的气候带给那些本来十分寒冷的地区并使之变暖, 因此, 海洋在使我们这个地球更适合人类居住方面也扮演一个重要的角色原因状语从句。

例9.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio. (84年考题) 电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要, 而且现在人们认为电是想当然的事, 所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时, 就很少再去想一想电是怎么来的结果状语从句 。

例10.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. (92年考题) 如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话, 那么我们对所有被比较者来说, 前两个因素必须是一致的条件状语从句。

例11.Although television was developed for broadcasting, many important uses have been found that have nothing to do with it. 虽然电视是为了广播而发明的, 但是电视还有许多与广播无关的重要用途让步状语从句。

例12.Though the cost of the venture would be immense, both in labour and power, many believe that iceberg towing would prove less costly in the long run than the alternative of desalination of sea water. 这种冒险的代价, 不管是在人力还是在能源消耗方面, 都将是巨大的然而, 许多人认为, 冰山牵引最终会证明比选择海水脱盐法花费要少让步状语从句。

例13.Therefore, although technical advances in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure food availability, meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of populations within the developing countries themselves. 因此, 尽管也许需要粮食生产和加工方面的技术进步来确保粮食的来源, 满足粮食需求更多的是取决于使发展中国家内部的人口各阶层具有同等的经济实力让步状语从句。

例14.Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. 无论书中描述的角色来自真实生活还是来自纯粹的想象, 他们都可能成为我们的伙伴和朋友让步状语从句。

例15.By many such experiments Galileo showed that, apart from differences caused by air resistance, all bodies fall to the ground at the same speed, whatever their weight is. 伽利略经过多次这类实验证明, 一切物体, 不论其重量如何, 除了因空气阻力引起的差别外, 都是以同样的速度落向地面的让步状语从句。

非谓语动词的译法

英语中非谓语动词包括分词不定式和动名词动名词与名词具有类似的功能,在翻译时可以参考名词性从句或抽象名词的译法, 下面, 我们主要通过一些实例说明动词不定式和分词的翻译方法。

例1.Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values. 美国人不喜欢被称为物质主义者, 因为他们认为指控他们只重物质利益, 没有宗教价值观是不公正的(不定式作宾语）

例2.The writer´. s purpose may be simply to inform, or to make readers aware of similarities or differences that interesting and significant in themselves. 作者的目的或许只是想告诉读者或者让读者意识到(存在于比较对象之间的)很有趣值得注意的相似和不同之处(不定式作表语）

例3.The aim of science is to describe the world in orderly language, in such a way that we can, if possible, foresee the results of those alternative courses of action between which we are always choosing. 科学的目的在于用规律的语言来描述世界这样, 如果可能的话, 我们就能预见到可供选择的两个行动方案的结果我们经常遇到这种选择(不定式作表语

例4.It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows. 科学家要做的事就是积累有关宇宙和宇宙中的一切事物的知识, 而且要是可能的话, 找出那些既能构成科学家所知事实的基础, 又能解释这些事实的共同因素(不定式作主语

例5.It is a difficult task to compare two systems of education which stem from different roots and often produce contrasting effects. 两种教育制度体系源于不同的根基, 并常常产生对照鲜明的不同效果, 因而,要将它们作一比较, 确非易事(不定式作主语

例6.This tendency to escalate a situation into its worst possible conclusion is what I called awfulizing, and it can be a key factor in tipping the balance toward, illness or health. 把一种情况逐渐地想象为最坏的结果, 我称之为“杞人犹天”, 这或许能打破你体内平衡, 或使你患病, 或使你健康不定式作定语

例7.As never before, the nations of the world demonstrated a willingness to put aside ideological and individual differences to confront a common threat. 世界各国决心要把意识形态分歧和各自的不同意见放在一边而来正视这个共同的威协, 这在以前从来没有过不定式作定语

例8.To communicate precisely what you want to say, you will frequently need to define key words. 要准确表达想要表达的内容, 就经常需要对关键词进行释义(不定式作状语

例9.To make calculations manageable even by computers, most of the models suppose either that the oceans are a shallow, motionless swamp or that they don´. t exist at all. 为了使这些计算甚至可以用普通的计算机来处理, 大多数模型要么假设海洋是既浅又静止的沼泽, 要么假设它们根本不存在不定式作状语

例10.We can have greater confidence in the reality of a healing system that is beautifully designed to meet most of its problems. 我们对下述事实应抱有充分而信心: 人体的健康机制十分精妙, 足以应付大部分疾病(不定式作状语

例11.Having disproved and disputed the theory for more than two decades, some biologists are now embarking an undertaking to interpret it in a new approach. 20多年来, 某些生物学家一直对该理论持否定与争议的态度, 现在他们正在开始一项研究, 以新的方法解释这一理论(现在分词做状语）

例12.The first cause of the liberation of women was the development of effective birth-control methods, freeing women from the endless cycle of childbearing and rearing. 妇女的解放首先起因于有效的节育措施的出现, 从而将女人从生养孩子的无尽循环中解放出来现在分词做状语

例13.At every crossways on the road that leads to the future, each progressive spirit is opposed by thousands of men appointed to guard the past. 在通往未来道路的每一个十字路口上, 每一个具有进步思想的人都会遭到受命维护过去的千千万万名卫道士的反对过去分词做定语

例14.The very first flight of Spacelab, manned by an international team of scientist-astronauts, demonstrated that a Nobel-prize-winning theory on the function of the inner ear was incorrect. 正是这第一座由跨国科学家和宇航员操作的太空试验站, 证明了一项曾获诺贝尔奖的关于人体内耳作用的理论是不正确的过去分词做定语

例15.But the details of this movement -- what causes it, how it relates to other processes occurring in the ocean at the same time, and how it interacts with the earth´. s atmosphere -- remain sketchy. 但这种洋流的详细情况-- 诸如什么导致了这种洋流, 它与伴随它的其他海洋特征有什么联系以及它与地球的大气是怎样相互作用的-- 都还不太清楚现在分词做定语