冠词(缺失与多余为重点和难点) (A) 1. a与an的区别 (发音而非字母) an: herd undergraduate understanding oyster honest a : unique university unite yawn 2. a与复数名词的混用 an outstanding methods. 3. 不定冠词a的遗漏 (1)固定短语中a的遗漏 a set of, a piece of, a variety of, a series of, a collection of , a wide range of a wealth of 不可数名词(information) (2)强调可数名词的单数概念 且无其它限定词，必须用不定冠词 也就是说，单数可数名词前必须有限定词 * v 单数可数名词 错 prep 单数可数名词 错 of humid area area可数，所以错 of prize fighter fighter可数，所以错 of rain0drop 亦然 例外：a. a part of= part of part 永远对 b. 表示职务、身份、亲属关系的词可以单独使用 Little Bush, son of George Bush, is running for the office of president. c. 表示“种类”名词后所接noun可单独使用 type of , kind of, sort of d. 表示某一方面的名词可单独使用 All cells differ in function, in size, in color, in shape. (B)定冠词 (the ,表特指) the astronomy, the nitrogen, the iron, in the histroy, in the nature, of the human hoby, on the right side 这些名词前都不能加the 1. 表示“独一无二”的事物 the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth 2. 关于序数词 * 序数词只有作定语修饰noun,才必须加the 年代：in the serventeenth century 排序：the eight(h) element (is)...... * 序数词考两点：a. 加不加the b. 是eight或eithth (单词) 陷阱： a. Utah ranks first among... b. A is second only to B. 3. adj.最高级作前置定语修饰noun,才必须加the. the most desolate region(S) the most ... area(s) adj est 后可以是复数。 4. 四大洋，河流，湖泊前必须加the Winds from the Atlantic Ocean 5. “人体” the human body “普通人” the average person the common person 6. 表示“开始”与“结束”，必须加the the beginning( 可以加s) the end 7. 学科前不加the the astrology错 元素前不加the Iron, Nitrogen 8. nature a. 在自然界 in nature b. ... of nature 本质上的 faith of natrue 发自内心的 9. history a. 泛指“在历史上”，in history b. 特指在某种历史上，in the history of NOS 10.乐器 play the piano(正确) play erhu(正确) 11.城市名，州名，国家名前不加the in Beijing , in the city of Beijing 联合名词除外：the United States the United kingdom a United States boy. 12.most的用法 a. 作为一个副词(adv.)修饰adj,adv，表示最高级 ... are most plantiful ... the most handsome teacher b. adj. 大多数的 most animals 泛指 (不可以 the) 可数/不可数名词皆可 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~决定谓语 c. pron.大多数，大部分 most of the animals 特指 d. a most beautiful girl ~~~~adv., very e. most/mostly 均作副词时，most修饰形容词、副词 mostly修饰动词、介词 be composed mostly of