新TOEFL的网考的阅读部分会考查单词

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 14:47:03
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

修辞目的题（Rhetorical Purpose）:考查读者透过表面特定的修辞方法/方式发掘潜在的目的能力。要求读者发现外在修辞特征背后的修辞目的。

　　例题: Fine-art objects are not constructed by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not crack, deteriorate, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demand of the laws of physics, not the sculptors aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces （iron being much stronger than bronze）。

　　Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Renaissance？

　　A. To provide an example of a problem related to the laws of physics that an artist tries to overcome. B. To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws of physics C. To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics D. To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology [解析]正确答案是A.这一端是一个完整篇章的节选，完整的文章参见本书第18页的文章。这篇文章从多个角度分析了applied-art object和fine-art object的不同。如果读一下全文，我们会知道本题中的这一段是从laws of physics（物理规律）是如何在这两类艺术品上应用的，具体的讲，这一段是讲物理规律是如何应用在fine-art object上的。

　　这一段的第一、二句话告诉我们:“fine-art objects在应用物理规律时是与applied-art objects不同的。与applied-art objects不同，fine-art objects在应用物理规律时不注重功能，更加关注的是材料的使用”。这些信息就排除了选项B，因为在制作fine-art objects的时候艺术家们也是要关注物理规律的，只是从功能转到了材料应用上。在接下来的几句中，作者提供的是具体的细节，考生完全没有必要太拘泥于理解细节中的每一个词，相反，考生应该通过这接下来的几句话了解到一下信息:为了使雕塑作品稳定，艺术家必须了解properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress这些物理规律。画家也必须了解一些物理规律，这样才能使自己的画避免 “canvas will be taut, and the paint must not crack, deteriorate, or discolor”这样的损害。在讲完这两个细节之后，作者说“These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work”，“这些问题是艺术家在完成作品是必须克服的”。然后用for example来带出一个具体的例子，这也是细节。而引用这个例子的目的就是为了说明“这些问题是艺术家在完成作品是必须克服的”，所以显而易见的是符合选项A

　　易见的是符合选项A

　　新TOEFL的网考的阅读部分会考查单词或短语，可能是个生僻的单词，也可能是熟悉词僻义，不管是何种题型，新TOEFL阅读的上下文都会给相应的提示。词汇题目的问法与老TOEFL的问法相同，the word（or phrase） X is closest in meaning to ……,the word（or phrase） x could be best replaced by.针对这样一种题型我们准备新TOEFL的考生到底如何面对。

　　首先打造自已的词汇实力，背单词是一件不容忽视的事情，但也是最枯燥乏味的事情，同时就算是你有那种坚持不懈的精神，由于背词的方法不对或是背的词汇的方向选择不好，都是徒劳无益的，有很多GRE的考生考过GRE，但考六级的时候发现有些力不从心，六级分数也不过，有的都可能会有六级不过的现象，主要是同一个词汇在不同的考试中考查的方向不同如edge在四级考试考的最多是边缘而在TOEFL中考查的是优势=advantage, note score movement在四级考时表示笔记、分数、运动，在TOEFL中则表示音符、乐谱、乐章。所以我们在背词汇的时候要选好词汇书，有同学一定会问到底哪本最能反应TOEFL中词汇的考试方向，由于词汇书多如牛毛，该如何选择的问题。任何词汇书的选择分为下列几个原则: