part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes) directions:there are four reading passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions. for each question there are four suggested answers marked a,b,c and d.you should choose the one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a pencil. passage 1
david thomson is an electronics technician, trained by the u.s. navy, wrist is surrounded by a force field that can broadcast emotions to other human beings. the ability to receive such force fields, thomson believes, explains how one can sense another s fear, nervousness, aggression, panic, or friendliness.
this theory of emotional communication occurred to thomson when he told a psychiatrist（精神病医生）, dr. jack ward, that he was certain his own hypertension（高血压，过度紧张） made those near him uncomfortable. to demonstrate the theory, thomson constructed a transmitter capable of generating an electromagnetic field similar to that of a man beset by hyper anxiety（过度焦虑）. for a year, with this in his pocket, thomson made people miserable. he would find a hungry man delightedly preparing to eat a steak in a restaurant, turn on the transmitter, and watch as the man became tense and irritable and finally left with his steak uneaten. in another test, thomson cleared a crowded room in fifteen minutes. such an exodus（出去） could not be due, thomson observed, to personality problems alone.
dr. ward, who had become thomson s partner, insisted that there was already misery enough in the world.thomson fashioned a "happiness transmitter," which can duplicate the force field of a contented man. university psychologists in the united states report some encouraging results in current tests of the thomson-and-ward transmitter.
the "happiness machine" has many possibilities. thomson has speculated on its use near disturbed or anxious patients in hospitals, and in unruly crowds. tranquility（平静）, like panic and violence, may be contagions（传染性的）.
1. the theory is based on belief in the existence of .分析与解答 a.complicated equipment b. individual force fields c. nervousness d.aggression
2. the theory occurred to thomson because he was convinced that people near him .分析与解答 a.could hypnotize him b. could make him feel uncomfortable c. were reading his thoughts d were affected by his hypertension
3. for his first demonstrations, thomson chose people who .分析与解答 a.were in a happy mood b. seemed hyper anxious c. were aggressive d.both b and c
4. the thomson-and-ward transmitter was constructed because .分析与解答 a.university psychologists suggested it b. the "misery machine" had not worked c. dr. ward felt there was misery enough d.police forces asked for it
5. thomson has speculated on .分析与解答 a.some helpful uses of a "happiness machine" b. possible wrongful uses of a "happiness machine" c. the disadvantages of a tranquil population d.the final report on the psychologists tests
passage 2 just 30 years ago some 700 million people lived in cities. today the number stands at 1,800 million, and by the end of the century it will to 3,000 million—more than half the world s estimated population. by the year 2000 an estimated 650 million people will crowd into 60 cities of five million or more—three quarters of them in the developing worl d.only a single first world city—metropolitan tokyo, which will have 24 million people—is expected to be among the global top five. london, ranked second in 1950 with ten million people, will not even make 2000 s top 25.in places where rates of natural population increase exceed three per cent annually—meaning much of the third world—that alone is enough to double a city s population within 20 years. but equally powerful are the streams of hopeful migrants from the countryside.
what faces and confuses urban planners is the huge scale of these trends. there have never been cities of 30 million people, let alone ones dependent on roads, sewer and water supplies barely adequate for urban areas a tenth that size. and the flood of new arrivals in swelling third world cities far overtakes the supply of jobs—particularly as modern industries put a premium on technology rather than manpower. so it will be virtually impossible to find permanent employment for 30 to 40 per cent of the 1,000 million new city inhabitants expected by the year 2000.
despite the terrible conditions that the city newcomers face, their numbers are growing at rates as much as twice that of the cities themselves—and every step taken to improve their living conditions in the slums only attracts more migrants.