定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: (1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: the fern(蕨类), the wallflower (2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: the first woman, the nineteenth century 但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby (3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: the largest city, the most advanced technology (4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: the development of the watch, (5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如: the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun 在下列情况下,一般不用the: (1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美 国) 但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) (2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: algebra(代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学) (3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… (4) 一些固定词组中,如: in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed 乘车的词组: by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车), by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) on foot (步行), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), 打球的词组: play tennis, play baseball, play basketball 注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of t he committee. 不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名 词:
much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名 词 专用 另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the re st of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比 较级 和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和 to连用 ,而不和than连用。
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对 的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称 为绝 对形容词 对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为 改错 题的考点: 1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别 为: most 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; most of 限定词 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, m ost of the modern artists 2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 例题: (1) The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.