阅读理解题型及常规答题方法下

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 15:25:36
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　6、因果句常考
　　命题者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题，或出些概括文意、段意试题。一般以“推理性”题型和主旨大意题型出现，兼顾少量其它题型。表示因果关系的词有：because， since， for，as， therefore， consequently， result in， originate from 等。
　　例1. Why？ Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused . They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in opera court of how…
　　Q：The passage is mainly about______ .
　　（A） why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspection.
　　（B） Why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment.
　　（C） How computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers.
　　（D） Why computer crimes cant be eliminated.
　　（分析：选D项。属主旨大意型。文章前几段说到了利用计算机犯罪的人即使被抓，不仅不受惩罚，而且还会得到以前老板充满热情的推荐信。这是什么原因呢（why？）Because…作了回答。这也就是全文要告诉读者的关于计算机犯罪清除不了的原因，故选D.）
　　例2 … Certainly it （telephone） has extended the scope of human conflicts， since it impartially disseminates（传播）the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant， the affection of the affectionate and the malice（恶意）of the malicious.
　　Q：The author describes the telephone as impartial because it______.
　　（A） saves lives of people in remote places.
　　（B） Enables people to live alone if they want to.
　　（C） Spreads both love and ill will
　　（D） Replaces much written communication.
　　（分析：选C项。属逻辑推理型题。Since引导的从句表明电话不偏不倚地传播着科学家的真言，无知者的废话，仁者之爱心，恶者之恶意。因此，从这句话我们可以推断出电话“spreads both love and ill will”故选C）。
　　例3 … The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change…（见《分册》P19页例6）
　　Q：According to the author， the introduction of the composer is a revolution mainly because .
　　（A） the computer has revolutionized the working of the human mind.
　　（B） The computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before.
　　（C） It has helped to switch to an information technology.
　　（D） It has a great potential impact on society.
　　（分析：选D项。属逻辑推理型题。原段首句就交待了没有什么技术发展比计算机革命对我们生活产生的影响要大。然后指出工业革命之所以是一切革命在于它导致了巨大的社会变化。由此可以推断，计算机的诞生之所以是一场革命主要是D项：it has a great potential impact on society.）
　　7、特殊标点符号后内容常考
　　由于特殊标点符号后内容是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明，因此命题者常以标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标点符号包括：（1）破折号（表解释）；（2）括号（表解释）；（3）冒号（表解释）；（4）引号（表引用）。题型一般有推理题，主旨大意题，细节事实题等。
　　例1. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses there may be a sort of trefoil jam of words caused by interruption， false， and unpredictable pauses.
　　Q：To keep a conversation flowing smoothing， it is better for the participants ______ .
　　（A） out to wear dark spectacles
　　（B） not to make any interruptions
　　（C） not to glance away
　　（D） not to make unpredictable pauses.
　　（分析：选A.属辨认细节事实题型，冒号前一句话意思是当两个说话者戴墨镜进行交谈时，谈话的流利性就会受影响。冒号后一句话进一步解释了会有哪些影响，即会有一些停顿或错误表达，或随便插话。答案B、D项是结果，不是条件，C项短文没提，故选A.）
　　例2.… She adds：“Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down （使…不突出）their visibility. ”Her advice to those folks： learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.
　　Q：The best title for this passage would be ______ .
　　（A） pole of women and Minorities in Management
　　（B） The Importance of Being Visible
　　（C） Job Performance and Advancement
　　（D） Sex and Career Success
　　（分析：选B项，属主旨大意题型。冒号前面的内容讲的是女人和黑人常因自己的肤色和性别而畏首畏脚，不愿张扬自己，这样很难得到老板提拔。冒号后内容即建议他们要象白人一样善于突出自己并引人注意。此即全篇文章主旨，故选B项。）
　　例3.… Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Lab our is simply another factor of production to be hired - rented at the lowest possible cost - much as one buys raw materials or equipment.
　　Q：Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies？
　　（A） They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.
　　（B） They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.
　　（C） They attach more importance to workers than equipment.
　　（D） They only hired skilled workers because of keep competition.
　　（分析：选B项，属归纳事实细节题。文章主要意思讲美国大公司忽视人力资源管理。带破折号的句子是进一步解释，阐述这一主旨，强调劳动力仅被视为生产的最廉价因素——就象去买原料或装置一样。我们由此归纳，总结出美国公司把员工技能的培养看作员工自己的事。
　　例4：“Alternative fuels such as natural gas， burned in internal-Combustion engines， could be introduced at relatively low cost， but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhorns emissions （especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less of polluting types of gasoline）。
　　Q：Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？
　　（A）The decline of public transportation accounts for increased…
　　（B）cars are popular in western Europe even though fuel prices …
　　（C）The reduction of vehicle use is the only sustainable option…
　　（D）Western European oil companies cannot sustain the cost of developing new-type fuels.
　　（分析选B项 属推理题。此题虽需通阅全文才能做出。但命题者针对小括号内内容出了一干扰项D项。D项内容与文中小括号内容是有出入的，故错。）
　　注：至引号处的考点，前面引用处常考一项已分析过。