名师点睛：大学英语四级简答解题步骤要点分析

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 18:03:33
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　四级考试第四部分的第三种可能的题型是简单回答问题，简称为简答题。简答题选用的短文难度和长度与阅读理解文章相似，篇幅大约是250-300词。短文后附有5个问题或不完整的句子，要求考生在阅读完短文后用不超过10个词的简短英文（可以是句子，也可以是单词或短语）回答所提出的问题或补充不完整的句子。
每题2分，共10分，考试时间为15分钟。

　　自新题型公布至今，简答题共考过四次（1997年1月、1999年1月、1999年6月和2002年6月）。该题型要求考生在读懂文章的情况下，用自己的语言简短的回答出有关文章内容的问题，主要测试考生对英语的确切理解能力和用英语进行表达的能力，在考查阅读理解的基础上考查了考生的英语表达能力和概括能力。 同翻译题一样，简答题的基础依然是阅读理解，但对阅读理解的要求更高。在一定的意义上，简单题与阅读理解部分更为接近，考查的点既有细节题，也有推断题，甚至还有要考生进行总结归纳的题。但由于简答部分只有问题，而且要求考生用简练的语言进行回答（超过10个字是要扣分的），同时还要注意拼写、语法的正确，这就使得简答题要难得多。从往年的考试情况看来，这部分的得分是比较低的。如果在阅读理解中能拿到30分的话，在这个部分恐怕只能拿到5分左右。来源：www.examda.com

　　简答题较难的另一个原因是在这个部分中几乎没有猜题的技巧可言，所以平时复习时不要报有幻想，而是要从根本上提高自己的阅读能力。

　　由于简答题的考查点与阅读理解有很大的相似性，平时提高做简答题能力的方法是：在做阅读理解题时，先不看选项，试一试用自己的话回答。

　　简答题的评分原则及标准

　　一、简答题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。在评分时同时考虑内容和语言。每题满分为2分，最低分为0分。
　　二、给分标准
　　2分 — 答出全部内容，语言正确；
　　1分 — 答出部分内容，语言正确；
　　0分 — 没有答对问题。
　　三、扣分标准
　　1. 语言错误扣0.5分，每题语言错误扣分不超过0.5分（标点符号和大小写错误忽略不计）；
　　2. 涉及无关内容者扣0.5分；若答案中有互相矛盾的内容，则内容互相矛盾的部分皆不得分；
　　3. 整句原封不动照搬，扣0.5分；
　　4. 考生所给答案超过10个单词扣0.5分。来源：www.examda.com
　　如答案涵盖两个方面，而考生只答对其中一个方面时，答错的一方面则在扣除1分后不再以多余信息另外扣分，但其中如有语言错误则再扣0.5分

　　你来试一试
　　下面是2002年6月份的四级考试的简答题部分，请你先做一下，然后再对照标准的评分标准看看自己能得多少分。 Part IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)
　　Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
　　As researchers learn more about how children’s intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence – the child’s understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity – are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children’s achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.
　　In view of their power, it’s sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child’s intelligence. Until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.
　　Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn’t be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually – and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four- and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.来源：www.examda.com

　　Questions:
　　S1. What have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children’s intelligence?
　　S2. What do researchers conclude about children’s learning patterns?
　　S3. In which area may school play a more important role?
　　S4. Why did many parents fail to make the most of their children’s intelligence?
　　S5. The author suggests in the last paragraph that parents should be encouraged to ________________________________.

　　S1: What have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children’s intelligence?
　　Parents have greater influence than the school.
　　Parents’ influence is greater than the school’s.
　　2分
　　1. The influence of parents is greater than that of school. （说明：下划线的词是关键，少了则扣分。）
　　2. The power of parents has influenced children more.
　　3. Parents influence children more than teachers.
　　4. The power of the school is replaced by parents. （与照搬没有太大的区别，但换了一下时态和“home”。与1.5分档的第2题相比，是不是赚了？）
　　5. The influence of parents is more important ^. （^表示后面可加上相应的内容，如此题中可加上“than teachers”）
　　6. The parents are more important than the school.
　　1.5分
　　1. ^Far more influenced by parents than by teachers. （语法错误，无主语，无系动词）
　　2. The power of the school has been replaced by home. （原句照搬）
　　3. Researchers think that the influence of parents better than school’s. （在better前少了动词“is”；在school’s前还应有“that of”）来源：www.examda.com
　　4. Parents put more influence than the school on children’s intelligence.
　　5. Parents influenced ^more than school. （influence少了宾语）
　　6. Children’s intelligence is ^ influenced by parents than by teachers.
　　0.5分
　　They are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. （算是答对了部分内容，给1分；原句照搬，扣0.5）
　　0分
　　1. The children’s intelligence develops have been replaced by the home. （主语不对，谓语也用错了。）
　　2. The school has been replaced by their parents. （关键是主语错了，整个是没理解）
　　3. Parents are far more influenced than the school.
　　4. They are increasingly surprised by the power of two place.
　　5. Researchers have found out the power of them.
　　6. It is both important for children’s intelligence.
　　7. The power of the school doesn’t replace by the parents.
　　8. The power of the home has replaced by the school.
　　9. They felt surprised by the power of parents than schools.来源：www.examda.com
　　S2. What do researchers conclude about children’s learning patterns?
　　They are established well before the age of 6.
　　2分
　　1. They are established well before the child enters / they enter school.
　　2. Children’s learning patterns are established before they enter school.
　　3. Children’s learning patterns are developed at the early age.
　　1.5分
　　1. They are established before entering school at the age of six.
　　2. Children have learned pattern before 6 years old.
　　3. establish well before they enter school at six.
　　4. It was established well before entering school.
　　5. They’re part of intelligence which are established before entering school.
　　6. They are formed at 6 before school and at home.
　　7. They should be taught before school and at home.
　　8. Parents are important to forming young children’s learning patterns.
　　9. it is established before school
　　1. Both the teacher and parents are responsible for them.
　　2. part of learning patterns is established before children enter school.（当时很多少都用了类似的回答，其实是没看懂原句）
　　3. Children’s learning from parents before six is important.
　　4. They should be educated before school and at home.
　　5. They are more influenced by parents than be teachers before schooling.
　　6. All the factors are established well before they enter school.
　　7. Children’s intelligence is established well before they enter school.（答非所问）
　　8. they are part of children’s intelligence.
　　9. They are far more influenced by parents before entering school.
　　10. They are concerned with intelligence.
　　11. children learn from their parents.
　　S3. In which area may school play a more important role?
　　Science. （这是最简练的回答）
　　Science subjects. （这是最正确的回答）
　　2分
　　1. In subjects/courses such as science/teaching science.来源：www.examda.com
　　2. (The) School plays a more important role in science courses. （啰嗦些，但也算答到点子上了）。
　　3. Education in science.
　　4. It’s given credit for variations in achievement in science subjects. （基本照抄了原句，但根据问题把主语换了一下。这是很保险的聪明做法！）
　　5. It is thought to be good at science subjects.
　　6. In science.