② 虚拟条件句有单一条件句,也有混合虚拟条件句,所以不能只根据从句与某一事实相反来判断主句就与该事实相反,同样,也不能想当然地认为主句与某一事实相反,从句也就与该事实相反。
如1)从句与过去事实相反,而主句与现在事实相反。再如: If he weren t such a kind man, he wouldn t lent a hand to such people as you the other day. (从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反。) Were my friends not to come tomorrow, I wouldn t have bought so many foods. (从句与将来事实相反,主句与过去事实相反。)
③ 熟记主从句动词与不同事实相反时的时态运用规则。解题时根据句子所表达的时间概念确定与什么事实相反,然后采用相应的时态。 如果与过去事实相反,从句中用过去完成时,主句中用would/should/could/might have done的形式,如2)6)和7)。 如果与现在事实相反,从句中用一般过去时,主句中用would/could/might/should 原形动词,表示与正在进行的事实相反用would/might/could/should be doing的结构,如1)。 如果表示将来不可能实现的事情,从句中用过去时,或were to / should 原形动词,以上3) 4) 5)表示的都属于这种情况。
2.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 Test Yourself 首先还是请同学们先做一下下面两题。 1) Some women ____a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made (2000.1) 2) We didn t know his telephone number, otherwise we ___ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned (1995.6)
Explanation and Expansion A.参考答案 1)D 2)A B.评析 含蓄虚拟条件句指没有明确的条件从句的虚拟条件句,一般是条件用介词短语、分词短语或并列句的方式表达,这时主句的时态要求与含有条件从句的主句要求相同。四级测试中常考的含蓄虚拟条件句句型有: ① But for/Without, 主句 But for/Without your help, we wouldn t have accomplished the task on time.
② ……, otherwise/or …… He hadn t had food for two days, or/otherwise he wouldn t have fainted out at work. 上面2)题就属于该句型,表达的是与过去事实相反的情况,所以用would have telephoned的结构。