语法的十一种时态与例子（三）

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 18:05:15
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming
表结果时一般为固定结构，如too …to…, enough to….，或是表示出乎意料的结果，常可加构成only to的结构。如：
I did what I could to comfort her only to make her cry even more. The next day, she woke to find herself in hospital.
"being done结构"：该结构表示被动与正在进行，一般置于句首，表示原因。如：Being chased by some spies, he hid himself in the grass.
(2)做表语
测试中对表语的考查主要侧重在现在分词与过去分词的区别上，所以对于做表语的非谓语动词，主要看分词与句子主语之间的关系。做表语的分词一般只有 doing和done两种形式。现在分词表示做表语的与主语是主谓关系；过去分词表示做表语的与主语之间是动宾关系。根据使用规律，如果主语是无生命名词，则表语分词为现在分词；如果主语是有生命名词，以过去分词居多，但也可以用现在分词，但意思不同。如：
How disappointed he felt at the result of the election. (他感到失望)
How disappointing he is. He should have failed in such an election. (他令人失望）
可接表语的系动词很多，除be外还有remain, feel, look, appear, seem, get, become, go。
(3)做补足语
一般做宾补的非谓语动词动词的形式选择与其它成分中的非谓语动词形式选择规则基本相同。 doing结构：分词与宾语构成主谓关系，表正在进行。
When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and
started dealing with another shop.
A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating
done结构：分词与宾语构成动宾关系，表示被动与完成。
Don’t get your schedule _____.stay with us in this class.(1996.1)
A. to change B. changing C. changed D. change
to do 结构：不定式表示将来，如wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for somebody to do等等。
being done结构：表示被动和正在进行, watch the flag being raised
Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe
until Columbus found it _____ in Cuba.(2000.1)
A. being cultivated B. been cultivated
C. having cultivated D. cultivating
to be done结构：用语表示将来与被动，一般用语主谓关系时可用to做宾补的动词后，如：want something to be done, order something to be done 完成形式不能做宾补。
4） 注意分析非谓语动词做什么状语
不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，如表示目的只能是不定式，另外，测试中也常有选择非谓语动词前连词的试题。因此，同学们应注意根据状语与句子间的关系，判断连词的使用。
5） 注意不定式的特殊句式
不定式在做定语和做状语时都有其特殊句式，注意这些句式的特点，考试中就会少走一点弯路。如：
have something to do类：
这类结构相当于汉语的连动结构，即"有事要做"，"买东西吃"，"借书看"等。
a room in which to live类：
该类结构是a room to live in 的变体。但如果不熟悉这个结构，考试中则难以决断。如：
You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.(1998.1)
A. there B. them C. which D. where
The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)
A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base
the first to do
该结构表示如果名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或序数词、最高级本身做名词用，其后应不定式做定语。
the ability to do
该结构表示，形容词变了的名词后用不定式做定语。
the need to do
该结构表示由动词变来的名词后用不定式做定语。
the way to do
该结构表示，在一些特定的名词后面常用不定式做定语，应注意记忆，如means, reason, time, pressure, moment。
6） 熟记固定搭配，分清不定式与to加动名词
其实容易产生不定式符号与介词混淆的只是为数不多的某些句式，只要平时注意积累即可。
prefer doing something to doing something
look forward to doing something
be used to doing something (习惯于做某事)
stick to doing something
object to doing something/ have objection to doing something
be opposed to doing something
admit/confess to doing something
I have no objection _____ your story again.(2000.6)
A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard
The man in the corner confessed to ________ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told