(2)记笔记 记笔记是一项比较重要的听力技巧，尤其是在听短文时，实际上听力中也有对记笔记的专项考题，如听写填空。因为各题的四个选项都有可能在对话中或文章中出现，记笔记有助于分清具体的细节，以免出现混淆。如： Susan Anthony was born in Massachusetts in 1820 and died in Rochester, N.Y., in 1906. In the 1850s, she saw many problems in her country and wanted to do soemthing about them. One of these problems was that women did not have the right to vote in the United States. Susan Anthony and many others felt that women and men should have equal rights. In 1869 she helped start the National Womens Association. This group worked hard to get women the rights to vote in the United States. In 1869, the state of Wyoming gave women the right to vote. Some other states also allowed women to have the right to vote. They worked to add this to the Constitution of the United States. Finally, in 1920, fourteen years after Susan Anthonys death, an article was added to the Constitution. It gave all American women the right to vote. (1996.1) 12.Who among the American women had the right to vote before 1920? A. The women of some states. B. The women in the state of Wyoming only. C. The member of the National Womens Association. D. The women in the state of Massachusetts only. 13.When did all women finally get the right to vote in the United States? A. At the very beginning of the 20th century. B. At the end of the 19th century. C. After Susan Anthonys death. D. Just before Susan Anthonys death. 如果同学们在听之前预读以下选项，就可以猜出本篇听力材料中时间一定不少，在听的过程中就应该做一下笔记，记一下时间与事件之间的关系。时间弄清楚了，答案也就清楚了，12题为A，13题为C。 （3）整体理解 无论是对话还是文章都是围绕一个主题展开的，文章的一切细节都是用来说明一个主题。一般选择题的设计也都是针对文章的主题和用来说明主题的有关细节。在听的时候，考生通过预读选项了解了文章的话题范围，这样在听的之后就可以搜索与该话题有关的信息，前后联系，综合考虑，从而把握文章的主题。前后的关联，整体的把握对听力文章的理解至关重要，不能因为细节而忽略整体。要做到整体理解需要： ①注意文章的首句。一般文章的主题由首句提出，然后以举例、列举、比较、对照等手段，抓住首句也就掌握了文章的主题，对文章的叙事方式也就有了预测性的了解。理解起来也就简单了许多。 ②抓关键词。并不是每个单词，每个句子都同样的重要，有的是论点，有的是论据，有的只表示关联，更有很多是冗余信息。因此，在听的时候，同学们要注意分清哪些是关键词汇，哪些是关键句子，将注意力集中在关键之处。 ③忽略。所谓忽略，指当同学们遇到难以理解的词句时不要停，而是跳过去，继续听下文，根据上下文的关系去理解文章。 影响听力的因素很多，有助于听力的技巧也很多，如四级听力测试的模式、考查重点和具体应对策略。