1.A market-oriented economy /family-oriented /student-oriented /money-oriented 2.a poor but education-oriented family 3. exert all one’s strength /exert every effort (尽全力)gain strength(获取力量) 4..material success 5 professional achievement 6.sense of accomplishment 7 self –improvement 8 self-confident 9 peace of mind(心境的安宁)/state of mind (心态) 10 good interpersonal relationships 11set a goal 12.go from bad to worse来源：www.examda.com 13. inferiority complex(自卑感)/superiority complex(优越感) 14.not sociable (不善交际的) 15.fall behind in one’s studies (学习上落后) 16.change for the better (情况转好) 17.to one’s dismay(令人感到沮丧的是) 18.have no alternative/choice /option/but to (别无选择只能) 19. enter the master’s program and the Ph.D program(攻读硕士和博士学位) 20.freshman /sophomore /junior /senior Witness 的形象用法 The 1980s witnessed increasing unemployment throughout Europe . This year has witnessed a big increase in road accidents . It is likely that -----It is very likely that they will get divorced because they cannot reconcile their differences . Strike sb. as (给------印象) He struck me as a very serious but friendly person 二 Error Detection and Correction The traditional view of motivation in language learning Is to equal human motivation with that of donkey,desire For the carrot or fear of the stick . low motivation implies Lack interest or laziness. Such a view ,of course,treats the 1.----------- Learner as essentially unwilling to learn and need to be set 2------------ Moving by some internal pressure. It clearly does not fit the 3-------- Many kinds of “self-motivated” learners , notably all pre-school Children and a good many adult learners . To account 4---------来源：www.examda.com Those cases some writers distinguish two kinds of motivation, Integrative and instrumental .Integrative motivation is an Emotional desire to master language because one admires and Wants to identify the target culture. Instrumental motivation 5-------- Is the desire to learn because one needs to speak language (or) 6-------- Pass an exam which certifies that you can speak it)in order to Succeed in one’s job or gaining promotion . The second of 7-------- These is more and less the carrot and stick re-stated as a 8-------- “need” for the skill .Supporters of a carrot-and-stick model of Motivation can point to the success of courses like those in Russian and Chinese run by the British Army at Crail. The servicemen on these courses had a relative privileged 9-------来源：www.examda.com Life with fewer parades and light discipline than the majority 10-------来源：www.examda.com Of soldiers. They knew ,however, that if they failed a Saturday Test they would be sent back to basic training on the Monday. 1.(lack)of 2. needing 3. external 4 (account)for 5.(identify)with 6.the (language) 7. gain 8.or 9.relatively 10. lighter