surging—— To increase suddenly. Used of electric current or voltage猛增=accelerating surpass—— To be or go beyond， as in degree or quality； exceed胜过=exceed， outrun sustain—— To keep in existence； maintain继续生存；维持=maintain sustenance—— Something， especially food， that sustains life or health营养物，尤指食物=fare Food and drink； diet食物和饮料 Means of livelihood生计=livelihood supplement——Something added to complete a thing， make up for a deficiency， or extend or strengthen the whole补充物，用来完成某事、补充不足、扩展或加强=extension An addition that increases the area， influence， operation， or contents of something扩大 supreme——Greatest in importance， degree， significance， character， or achievement最重要的=outstanding succinct——Characterized by clear， precise expression in few words； concise and terse简明的=concise sufficient——Being as much as is needed充足的=adequate sumptuous——Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense； lavish豪华的；花费奢侈的=luxurious substantial——Considerable in importance， value， degree， amount， or extent有重大价值的=considerable Worthy of consideration； significant重要的 substitute——One that takes the place of another； a replacement代用品=replacement， in place of代替 subsidize——To assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance To supply funds to给…提供资金 subtle——So slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze； elusive纤细的，细小的=slight submit——提出，提交=present提出；呈递 subsidy——Monetary assistance granted by a government to a person orsgroupsin support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest补助金=financing融通资金 subject to ——在……条件下；易受……的侵袭；受控制=expose to， susceptible to stretch——A continuous or unbroken length， area， or expanse连续不断的长度，地区或空间=span The extent or measure of space between two points or extremities， as of a bridge or roof； the breadth跨度两点或两端间的空间 strike——To engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout To come to； attain来到；到达= make contact with striking—— Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent Immediately noticeable； conspicuous显眼的 stringent—— Imposing rigorous standards of performance； severe严格的=strict stimulus—— Something that incites or rouses to action； an incentive激发物=motivate strain ——To pull， draw， or stretch tight拉紧=tension The act or process of stretching something tight拉紧 stationary—— Not capable of being moved； fixed不能被移动的；固定的=fixed， immobile status——Position relative to that of others； standing地位=standing sticky——shavingsthe property of adhering or sticking to a surface； adhesive粘的=adhere， cement staple—— A basic or principal element or feature主要成分，基本成分=basic element squirt—— To issue forth in a thin forceful stream or jet； spurt喷=spurt out v.喷出 staggering—— Causing great astonishment， amazement， or dismay； overwhelming令人大为吃惊、惊讶或沮丧的；使束手无策的=overwhelming spur—— To incite or stimulate刺激，鞭策=stimulate speculate about—— To assume to be true without conclusive evidence推测=hypothesize To assert as a hypothesis假设 spinal——Of， relating to， or situated near the spine or spinal cord； vertebral脊柱的=backbone spark—— To set in motion； activate发动；触发=bring about引起；致使；造成；达成 spawn—— To give rise to； engender造成；使产生=create solemn—— Deeply earnest， serious， and sober庄严的，极认真的，严肃的=serious slope——declivity A downward slope， as of a hill斜坡 smother—— To suffocate （another）使窒息=eliminate To get rid of； remove消灭；消除 snap—— To pull apart or break with a snapping sound折断=break signify—— To denote； mean表示…的意思=denote simultaneously——同时存在[发生]地=concurrently同时发生的，并存的；合作的 skepticism—— A doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind； dubiety怀疑态度=doubt shield—— To protect or defend with or as if with a shield； guard保护、防卫=protect secrete—— To conceal in a hiding place； cache躲藏=produce？？