第四讲 怎样做阅读理解题（二） 一、细节题 大纲对考生掌握的阅读能力的第二条要求是：了解阐述主旨的事实和细节。也就是说我们在阅读一篇文章时，除了抓住文章的主旨和大意外，还必须弄清文中的一些重要事实或细节，因为它们是作者得出结论或阐明论点的依据。了解这些事实或细节有助于领会并确定文章的主题思想。 细节类题目在职称英语等级考试的阅读理解题中占的比例最大，涉及的内容也很广，因此，我们在复习应考时，应注意在该类题目上多下功夫。细节题常出why, when, where, what, who等疑问词引导的句子提问。解答细节题的关键在于从问题中找出问题的关键词，即能表达问题所涉及内容的中心词，然后迅速在短文中用查读的方法找出关键词在短文中的位置，以及包含所需信息的句子或短语，最后根据这些句子或短语做出正确的选择。 细节类题目常见提问形式有： What causes...? Why does the author mention...? How many...? where in the passage does the author describe...? What time does the writer think is ...? The author mentions that...? The writer states...? 等等 对于这种题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用查读的方法到文章中寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，从而保证对这一细节的正确理解，最后确定正确答案。 Let Them Watch It One hot night last July, when our new baby wouldn t or couldn t sleep, I tried everything I could think of : a warm bottle, songs, and gentle rocking. Nothing would settle him. Guessing that I had a long night ahead of me, I brought a portable TV into his room, figuring that watching the late movie was as good a way as any to kill off the hours until dawn. To my surprise, as soon as the TV lit up, the baby quieted right down, his little eyes, focused brightly on the tube. Not to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch the actors celebrate John Bellushi s fortyfifth birthday. My wife and I heard no more of the baby that night, and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV himself. I found in my baby s behaviour a metaphor for the new generation. My wife and I had given him some books to examine, but he merely spit upon them. When we read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools. We find that our students don t read, that they look down upon reading and scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however