自考也要重语法(18)主谓一致
文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:03:16 22:43:46
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
自考也要重语法(18)主谓一致
1、定义: 所谓“主谓一致”,就是指谓语在人称和数上必须受主语的人称和数的支配。这是英语和汉语在构句里的又一迥异之处。
2、主谓一致的种类:
⑴ 语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词为复数形式。如: I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他,他经常帮助我。 We often help each other and learn from each other. 我们经常互相帮助,互相学习。
⑵ 意义上的一致 a.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如: The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包围住了这位政府官员。单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, police, cattle等。如: The Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。 b.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如: Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 《远大前程》是查尔斯•.狄更斯1860年所著。形复意单的单词有:news,works 和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称(如:“The Selected Poems of Li Bai”,the United States, the United Nations)以及以ics结尾的学科名称(如:physics,politics,maths,economics等)。
⑶ 就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
a. 并列主语用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接,谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如: Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. 不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。 Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错,要么是他错吗?
b. 在there be 表存在的句式中,主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时,be 的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如: There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table. ═ There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
C. 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如: Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。 On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those was the young woman. 船上有2,2001人, 1,500多人丧生,这位年轻妇女也在其中。
名词作主语1、某些集体名词,如family, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如: My family is large. 我的家庭是个大家庭。