自考也要重语法(20)倒装句
文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:03:16 22:44:50
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
自考也要重语法(20)倒装句
1. 倒装句的定义 英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面,就叫做倒装。
2. 倒装句的构成
a) 完全倒装 将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,称之为完全倒装。例如: Are you from here? 你是本地人吗? Now comes the chance. 机会来了。
b) 部分倒装 只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,称之为部分倒装。例如: Has he come? 他来了吗? Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。 Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。
3. 倒装的原因
a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如: Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗? Long live peace! 和平万岁!
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如: Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。
c)强调的需要。倒装以后,句子更加流畅生动。例如: Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。 Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。 Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
4. 倒装句的基本用法
a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外): When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒? Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中: Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。 Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了!
c) 副词only 状语放在句首时: Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。 Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。
d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首时: Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。 Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火车刚一进站,我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。
e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首: He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣,我也如此。 He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村,他也不想去那里。