托福语法辅导：托福(TOEFL)考试语法问题总结
文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:03:25 20:38:19
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
1.in the United States voters election representatives to the national legislature , which consists of the House of Representatives and the Snate.
Election-〉elect(句子成分残缺)
观察主句，发现没有谓语。 Representatives因为有s，所以不是形容词而是名词。于是就出现了三个名词voters election representatives无标点相连的情况。这种情况很罕见，我们因该对它很敏感。思考一下就知道中间的名词变为动词，即Election-〉 elect
2.Her work in genetics won United States scientist Barbara McClintock ---- - in 1983.
(A) was the Nobel Prize
(B) the Nobel Prize was
(C) the Nobel Prize
(D) for the Nobel Prize
选c(双宾语)
大家要注意双宾语的考法。动词后面直接接两个名词。而且看题干,已经有一个谓语动词,除非要填的部分中有从句引导词,否则不可出现BE动词,排除A.B.而D又明显错误,因 为Nobel Prize为B.M的双宾语。
参考译文：美国科学家B.M.在基因方面的研究工作为她自己赢得了1983年的诺贝尔奖.
这题可以多读两遍，有助于大家培养正确的语感。另外大家要格外注意像give这类的词。可以说give sth to sb,也可以说give sb sth
3.--- usually thought to end in northern New Mexico, the Rocky Mountains really extend southward to the frontier of Mexico.
(A) Despite
(B) To be
(C) While
(D) However
选c(连词)
分析：A.despite 为介词,后面要加名词形式的东东,e.g.Despite usually being thought to end in ...而这里的thought 是过去分词,不是动名词,所以不对。
B.to be 是目的状语，不能表达出转折关系
C.while可表转折关系的conj.
D.however 是转折连词，不能用于引导状语从句。
参考译文：洛基山脉通常被认为是延伸到新墨西哥州的北边,但它实际上一直向南延伸到了墨西哥的边界。
4.Complex spacecraft are characterized by a various of supporting systems,including communications,guidance and navigation,altitude control,and ,in some cases,life-support systems.
Various-〉variety(介词前为名词)
这种题属于简单体，在考试中分数不少，是一定要拿下来的。看到后面有介词，前面的词一定要是名词性质。在此单独列出，希望大家在考场上对这个考点能有很强的条件反射。
5. During the Pleistocene glacial periods _____ portions of the Earth where plant and animal life flourished making it possible for people to subsist.
(A) the
(B) it was
(C) there were
(D) have there been
选c。分析句子成分后发现缺主谓。C显然是正确的。D的倒装很明显错。
6. Nebraska has floods in some years, _____.
(A) in others drought
(B) droughts are others
(C) while other droughts
(D) others in drought
选a(省略的用法) 。省略是托福考试的一个难点。做这部分题需要我们对句子结构和省略方式有很好地掌握此题，原句为：Nebraska has floods in some years, and Nebraska has drought in other years. 并列从句省略，然后时间状语提前。
如果看不清省略方式，就抓住细节一样能把题做出来。看到in some years，肯定是in other years,省略year就是in others.因为后面缺主谓，省略的必定是主谓，句子结构一定要跟前面一致，最多就是有倒装而已。实在不行就往回推，自己把主谓加在后面看看哪个最合理最像前面一句就是答案
7. While studying the (chemistry) of (human body) , Dr. Rosalyn Yalow won a Nobel Prize for the research she (conducted on) the (role) of hormones. （95/8 ）
选b(单数可数名词不能裸体)。又是一个托福常考知识点：单数可数名词不能裸体。此处借此之后跟名词，但名词要不就要由数词介词限定，要不就要是复数。这个考点出现几率奇多，大家一定要非常清楚才行。