Questions 1-5 In a study of five brands of pain reliever, P, Q, R, S, and T, the brands were tested and ranked against each other as more or less effective per dose. The following results were obtained: (1) P was more effective than Q. (2) The effectiveness of R was less than that of S. (3) T was the least effective brand tested. (4) Q and R were equally effective. (5) The effectiveness of S was greater than that of Q. 1. If the statements above giving the results of the study are true, which of the following must also be true? (A) P and S were equally effective. (B) P was the most effective brand tested. (C) S was the most effective brand tested. (D) R was less effective than P. (E) T did not relieve pain. 2. All of the information in the results given above can be derived from which of the following groups of statements? (A) Statements 1, 2, and 3 (B) Statements 1, 3, and 4 (C) Statements 2, 3, and 4 (D) Statements 1, 2, 3, and 4 (E) Statements 2, 3, 4, and 5 3. If a sixth brand, M, is tested and is found to be more effective than S, then which of the following must be true if the findings of the study are correct? (A) M is the most effective of the six brands tested. (B) At least four of the six brands tested are less effective that M. (C) M is more effective than P. (D) M is less effective than P. (E) No more than four of the six brands tested are more effective than T. 4. If R is more expensive per dose than P, and T is less expensive per does than R, which of the following must be true, according to the study, for a consumer who wishes to buy a pain reliever with the greatest effectiveness for the amount spent per dose? (A) P should be purchase instead of R. (B) P should be purchased instead of T. (C) T should be purchased instead of R. (D) Q should be purchased instead of R if Q is the same price as S. (E) Q should be purchased instead of T if Q is the same price as R. 5. If Q contains the same amount of an ingredient, X, as S does and more of that ingredient than T does, which of the following is consistent with the results of the study? (A) The relative effectiveness of the five brands of pain reliever is due to the amount of X the brands contain. (B) R does not contain X, and brands of pain reliever in which X is absent do not have any measurable effectiveness. (C) Brands of pain reliever containing X do not have any measurable effectiveness. (D) The absence of X in R would account for R s being more effective than T, Q, and S. (E) The presence of X contributes to the effectiveness of T, Q, and S in relieving pain. 6. For life to develop on another planet, two conditions, at least, are necessary: (1) moderate temperature, as the result of suitable distance from a heat source, and (2) a range of temperature that is stable over a period of at least 3.7 billion years. The unlikelihood that such conditions are often to be found in the universe makes it highly probably that exists only on Earth. The argument above assumes that (A) a certain temperature range is the only condition essential to the development of life on a planet (B) life cannot exist on planets other than Earth (C) forms of life on other planets would require some of the same conditions as do earthly forms of life (D) there is no satisfactory explanation of why life development on Earth and not on other planets (E) signs of extinct life forms are likely to be found of many planets with extreme temperatures 7. Ⅰ. When a person dies, that person s brain waves, as measured by the electroencephalograph (EEG), no longer show a positive reading but remain flat. Ⅱ. A positive EEG reading can be obtained from a bowl of cherry gelatin. Which of the following conclusions can most logically be drawn from the information above? (A) The EEG is not a reliable test to use in the measurement of human brain waves. (B) Some changes in a person s EEG can be viewed as a signal of death, but life is not defined by a positive EEG. (C) Whatever characteristics a human brain and a bowl of cherry gelatin have in common are important factors in life and death. (D) If a person s brain waves become flat, as measured by the EEG, that person is less alive than is a bowl of cherry gelatin. (E) Whether a person s EEG readings change or not is irrelevant in determining whether or not that person is alive. 8. Child abuse could be eliminated if prospective parents were certain they wanted children before they had them. The assertion above can be true only if which of the following is also true? (A) Prospective parents change their minds about wanting children once they have them. (B) Those who love children do not abuse them. (C) Those who did not want to have their children often keep them. (D) Only those who do not love their children abuse children. (E) Only those who were not sure they wanted to have their children abuse children.