文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:04:01 09:33:17
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
1.动词的概念及种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词,按在句中的功用分为以下四种:
|
类别 |
用法及意户 |
例词 |
例句与说明 |
实 义 动 词 |
及物动词(vt.) |
表动作或状态,有完整词义,后接宾语,能单独作谓语 |
like, enjoy, watch, want |
She likes watching TV. Do you enjoy listening to music? |
不及物动词(vi.) |
表动作或状态,有完整词义,后接宾语,能单独作谓语 |
rise, come, arrive, happen |
That story happened last year. When did Tom arrive? | |
连系动词 |
本身有词义,但须与表语一起构成谓语 |
表示“是”,“仍是” |
be, stay, remain |
She remains a teacher. |
表“变得” |
become, get, grow, fall, go,turn |
It’s getting warm. | ||
表“听/看/闻/摸/尝 起来” |
sound / look / smell / feel / taste |
That sounds a good idea. It tastes delicious. | ||
表“似乎”,“好象” |
seem,appear |
He seems all right. | ||
助动词 |
本身无意义不单独作谓语 |
谓语动词是单独的行为动词,在一般现在时/过去时的句中帮助构成否定或疑问 |
Do, Does, Did(位于句首构成一般问句) |
Does he speak English? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t speak English. |
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t(位于谓语动词前来表否定) |
Jane didn’t go to school yesterday. | |||
与doing连用构成进行时 |
be (not) doing |
She is doing her homework now. | ||
与done连用构成被动语态 |
be done |
The tree was planed last year. | ||
与done连用构成完成时 |
have / has / had done |
She has gone back. | ||
后接动词原形构成将来时 |
will/ shall do |
I shall do it. | ||
情态动词 |
本身有意义,但不能单独作谓语,与主要动词原形一起表示说话人的语气,情态,没有人称、数的变化。 |
表“能够” |
can/could(没其他形式) be able to(有各种时态与形式) |
Jane could swim when she was six. I’ll be able to speak French next year. |
表“许可” |
may(较正式) can(口语) |
You may smoke here. “can’t”不可以;“may not”不可以 | ||
表“请求许可” |
can/could(用于一、二人称) may/might(用于第一人称) |
Can you help me? May I help you?=Can I help you? | ||
表“可能” |
can/could may/might(不用于问句) |
“can’t”只用于否定 “may not / might not”不可能 | ||
表“必须” |
must have to(可有各种时态) |
“mustn’t”意为“不可以”,表禁止 “don’t/doesn’t have to”意为“不必” | ||
表“应该” |
should,ought to有义务 be supposed to |
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该 are not supposed to不应该 | ||
表“一定” |
must |
Tom must be late. | ||
表“需要” |
need |
作情态动词时常用于否定句,疑问句或条件从句 作行为动词时,常用于肯定句 | ||
表“敢” 表“请求指示” |
dare shall I / we / he…? |
—“Shall I open the door”? —“Sure,please.” Where shall we meet? | ||
表“向对方提出请求” |
Will / Would you please? |
—“Will you please open the door?” —“Sure.” | ||
询问对方的意思 |
Would you like to…? |
—“Would you like to try one more.” —“No,thank you.” | ||
表说话人的意愿 |
shall |
You shall be back at ten。 | ||
“命令、允诺、强制”等,用于二、三人称 |
He shall obey the rules. | |||
表“意愿”,用于各人称 |
will/would |
I will answer the phone. | ||
表“过去常常习惯于” |
used to |
过去曾有的动作/状态;过去的习惯,此时相当于would;表次数时不用。 | ||
would |
表过去动作的重复,有明确的时间状语;表过去的次数时不用。 | |||
表“祝愿” |
may |
May you succeed. |
2.动词的基本形式及变化规则如下表:
情况/形式 |
原形 |
现在分词 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
一般情况 |
talk |
加-ing talking |
加-ed talked |
加-ed talked |
以e结尾 |
remove |
去e加-ing removing |
加-d removed |
加-d removed |
以辅音字母加-y结尾 |
carry |
加-ing carrying |
改y为i加-ed carried |
改y为i再加-ed carried |
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词 |
stop |
双写结尾辅音字母加-ing stopping |
双写结尾辅音字母再加-ed stopped |
双写结尾辅音字母再加-ed stopped |
以s,x,sh,ch[tF]结尾的词 |
watch |
加-ing watching |
加-ed watched |
加-ed watched |
以ie结尾的词 |
tie |
改ie为y再加-ing tying |
加-d tied |
加-d tied |
相关文章
公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(九)构词法
公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(八)动词
公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(七)冠词
澳大利亚华人论坛
考好网
日本华人论坛
华人移民留学论坛
英国华人论坛