公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(六)形容词、副词
文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:04:01 09:33:25
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
(六)形容词、副词
1．形容词修饰名词/代词；副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，在句中可充当定语、状语、补语、表语。
|
序号 |
功用 |
词类 |
位置用法 |
例词/例句 |
|
1 |
定语 |
形容词 |
在中心词前 |
He’s a small Japanese boy. |
|
副词 |
在中心词后 |
I’ve got used to the life here. |
|
2 |
状语 |
形容词 |
句首/中，表原因/时间
句末/中，表伴随/结果 |
Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest.
He lay in bed, awake. |
|
副词 |
在被修饰词前、后修饰全句，位置灵活 |
You are quite right.
Sometimes he goes to school on foot. |
|
3 |
表语 |
形容词
副词 |
系动词后 |
He is tired.
They are out. |
|
4 |
补语 |
形容词 |
作主补在谓语后
作宾补在宾语后 |
The little boy was found dead.
He find it very useful. |
|
副词 |
作主补在谓语后
作宾补在宾语后 |
She was seen out.
Let me show you out. |
注意：
（1）the/these/those 形容词表示一类人/物；成对的形容词这样用时可省去the。
The rich are not always happy.
High and low all like this flower.
（2）“enough足够的”作定语时既可放在中心词前也可放在中心词后；但作副词时只能后置。
We have enough food to eat.
We have food enough to eat.
It’s warm enough.
（3）许多以前缀a-构成的形容词常作后置定语，这样的形容词有：awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。
It is a book worth reading.
Do you know the man asleep over there?
（4）形容词修饰由some/any/no/every与one/body/thing构成的复合不定代词时，要后置。
I have something important to tell you.
（5）形容词（与其他词组/语构成的）短语作定语时要后置。
English is a language difficult to master.
（6）几个副词作状语并列时，位置一般按方式→地点→时间顺序排列。
He came here by air yesterday.
（7）几个形容词并列作表语时，并列的词之间用逗号隔开，最后两个词之间用and(but/yet)等连接，并列词的先后顺序较灵活（有时将强调的词放在最后）。
He is tall,dark and handsome.
2. 形容词、副词比较等级的构成及形式：
|
规
则
变
化 |
构 成 |
形 式 |
|
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
|
单音节词和少数以-er, -ow, -le, -y结尾的双音节词 |
一般 |
tall |
加-er |
taller |
加-est |
tallest |
|
以不发音e结尾 |
noble |
加-r |
nobler |
加-st |
noblest |
|
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 |
wet
big |
双写最后辅音字母再加-er |
wetter
bigger |
双写最后辅音字母再加-est |
wettest
biggest |
|
辅音字母加-y结尾的词 |
easy
heavy |
改y为i再加-er |
easier
heavier |
改y为i再加-est |
easiest
heaviest |
|
多音节词，多数双音节词及部分加-ly等变来或由分词变来的词 |
delicious
slowly
tired
tiresome |
词前加more |
more delicious
more slowly
more tired
more tiresome |
词前加most |
most delicious
most slowly
most tired
most tiresome |
|
不
规
则
变
化 |
good
well |
better |
best |
|
bad/ill
badly |
worse |
worst |
|
many
much |
more |
most |
|
little |
less |
least |
|
old |
elder |
eldest |
|
older |
oldest |
|
far |
farther |
farthest |
|
further |
furthest |
|
late |
later |
latest |
|
latter |
last |
注意：
（1）形容词最高级前要用the,而副词最高级前的the可省。
（2）下面这些词的比较等级可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most构成。
cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.