07考研英语最新辅导讲义：阅读理解的应试总则

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:05:08 16:33:52
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　阅读理解应试总则

　　对于考研英语的阅读理解部分，我们应当掌握的最基本的应试总则就是命题专家的出题原则，考生应根据所读文章的写作思路，利用信号关键词进行定位，然后到选项中找到最佳重叠原文意思的选项。这就是阅读理解的解题全过程。

　　

考生在判断选项是否能重叠原文时，常常会感到迷惑，无法判断选项是否与原文内容完全重叠，这是因为在设计考题时常用一些语言点来迷惑考生。一般说来，命题专家最常用的有四种方式：“语言简化”、“反话正说”、“正话反说”和“关键词替换”。

　　“语言简化”是命题专家命题时所使用的原则。在设置选项时，四个选项的长度及句法不应有太大差异，而选项所使用的语言难度必须低于文章本身的难度。
“反话正说”的命题方式是指文中用否定方式，选项用肯定的方式。即所谓的否定形式表达肯定意思。

1．“Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.”

The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the . ［2000］

［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry

［C］improved business management ［D］success in education

2．The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific, un-objective, it is to appeal to the students emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged monotone.

The majority of university professors prefer the traditional way of lecturing in the belief that _____.

A) it draws the close attention of the students

B) it conforms in a way to the design of the Creator

C) it presents course content in a scientific and objective manner

D) it helps students to comprehend abstract theories more easily

Exercises:

1. They are nowhere close to achieving anything.

2. He is no more fit to be a president than a schoolboy would be.

3. A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.

4. I don’t so much love him as sympathize with him.

5. There is no rule but has exceptions.

6. They never meet without quarreling.

7. Nobody sought his aid but were helped.

8. The potential benefit of exercises can’t be overestimated.

另外一种常用的命题方式“正话反说”，是指原文用肯定方式表述，而选项用否定方式表述，两者意义相吻合。

3．How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you dont have unpredictable things, you dont have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried （简洁的）reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.

The author asserts that scientists .

［A］shouldnt replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought

［B］shouldnt neglect to speculate on unpredictable things

［C］should write more concise reports for technical journals

［D］should be confident about their research findings［1999］

Exercises:

1. Donavan would have loved the Internet.

2. We couldn’t have gone to the beach on a better day.

3. Its results fell short of my expectations.

4. This is the last thing I want to do.

5. Your answer is far from my satisfaction.

6. He is anything but an artist.

7. It’s out of the question/ out of question.

8. This is more than I can chew. It’s beyond/above me.

9. You should have known better than to take my words seriously.

“关键词替换”是专家命题时最常用的方式，几乎每一道题都用这种方式来设置。

4．This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, receives a new form of expression.

Futurists claim that we must .

［A］increase the production of literature

［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress

［C］develop new modes of expression

［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs

5．During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion(怜悯)for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement. Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884.

5．The worlds first workers compensation law was introduced by Bismarck .

A) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement

B) out of religious and political considerations

C) to speed up the pace of industrialization

D) to make industrial production safer

6．We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _______.

A) met growing resistance from laborers working at machines

B) resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs

C) was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidents

D) required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace

下面结合阅读理解应试的基本步骤，就具体题型提出相应的应试原则。

更多信息请访问：考试吧考研栏目

一、主题原则

其标志词为：best title/main idea/most likely to agree/ conclusion/

1. 明确的主题题型

7． If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries. alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.”

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoat like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a lighthearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

7．The best title for the text may be . ［2002年45题］

［A］ Use Humor Effectively ［B］ Various Kinds of Humor

［C］ Add Humor to Speech ［D］ Different Humor Strategies

2. 隐蔽的主题题型

I came away from my years of teaching on the college and university level with a conviction that enactment (扮演角色), performance, dramatization are the most successful forms of teach