四、非谓语动词常见错误设置及答题思路 ［常见错误］ 1.该用不定式作宾语而错用了动名词,或反之。 2.该用不定式完成式而错用了一般式。 3.该用不定式或动名词被动态而错用了主动态。 4.该用过去分词而错用了现在分词。 5.分词放在句首时,其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,构成垂悬分词的错误。 例句： Not too many (A) years ago (B) , my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) . (答案：C to be seen,与she是受动关系) You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D) . (答案：D being challenged, enjoy要求动名词作宾语) When the tank car carried (A) the poisonous gas ran off (B) the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C) all traffic (D) . (答案：A carrying,与逻辑主语car为施动关系,即"车载着…") People cannot but (A) feel puzzling (B) , for they simply cannot (C) understand how he could have made (D) such a stupid mistake. (答案：B puzzled,过去分词表示承受动作后所处的状态) Mr.Jankin regretted to blame (A) his secretary for (B) the mistake, for (C) he later discovered (D) it was his own fault. (答案：A having blamed,此处regret要求接动名词,其完成式表明blame发生在regret之前) When I consider how talented he is (A) as a painter (B) , I cannot help but believing (C) that the public (D) will appreciate his gift. (答案：C believe,习惯用法cannot help but do) The bank is reported (A) in the (B) local newspaper to be robbed (C) in broad (D) daylight yesterday. (答案：C to have been robbed, yesterday是修饰不定式的,用完成式表示动作已发生) Using (A) English as a tool, some data (B) may be collected (C) for (D) the research work. (答案：A可以考虑改为If we use,全句最好改为If we use English as a tool, we can collect some data for the research work.句子的主语data不可能作分词using的逻辑主语) ［辨错思路］ 1.首先要分辨动词的谓语形式与非谓语形式。如果题句中有两个动词形式划有横线,考生要分析句子的结构和语义,判断出哪个是谓语,哪个是非谓语,因为一个简单句或分句中不可能出现两个彼此间无连词连接的谓语。 2.在判定某个动词形式应为非谓语后,要辨别其应当是不定式,还是-ing形式或-ed分词。 3.在确定某一非谓语形式后,还要审查其时态语态是否有误；一般说来,已经发生了的动作用完成式,与逻辑主语的关系是受动,用被动态或过去分词。 4.注意非谓语动词的否定式是将否定词置于非谓语动词之前；据此判断否定词的位置是否有误。 5.观察分析句中的时间状语是修饰谓语动词,还是修饰非谓语动词,如果是后者,辨其时态是否有误。 6.不定式和分词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语,否则不定式的逻辑主语应视情况用for, of引导,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,据此判断是否存在垂悬分词的错误。 ［改错要领］ 1.注意动词的不同接续要求。下列动词要求接不定式作宾语： afford, agree, attempt, decide, fail, manage, expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, refuse, tend, pretend, ask, claim, offer, determine, arrange. 2.熟记下列动词要求接动名词作宾语： acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, hate, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favour, finish, include, resent, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, stand, risk. 3.掌握某些动词不同接续要求的不同含义： forget to do sth.忘记了去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做了某事 remember to do sth.记住要去做某事 remember doing sth.记住了已做某事 stop to do sth.停下去做某事 stop doing sth.停下在做的某事 regret to tell(say, announce)sb.遗憾地告诉某人… regret doing sth.对已做了的事表示后悔、遗憾 try to do sth.试图去做某事 try doing sth.试着做了某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing意味着… 4.注意下列短语中的to是介词,后面应接动名词： object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, be committed to, be exposed to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be contrary to, with regard to, with a view to, as to, in contrast to 5.注意下列后接动名词的习惯用法： ①It’s no use doing…但是：Its of no use to do… good picnic fun ②It is useless doing… senseless nuisance worthwhile ③There is no use(in)doing… point sense harm ④have difficulty doing… trouble problem ⑤have a good time doing… hard difficult ⑥spend(time) wastedoing… ⑦be worth doing… busy ⑧feel like doing… ⑨can’t help doing… 6.下列习惯用语中都带有but,后面都接不带to的不定式： can not help but do… can not but do… can do nothing but do… can not choose but do… can not do anything but do… 但是：have nochoice but to do… alternative 7.下列动词、介词后接动名词具有主动形式、被动含义,注意不要再用动名词被动态： sth. be worth doing比较：It’s worthwhile doing sth. past beyond sth. need doing want require demand bear deserve