英语讲义(42)“疑问词 不定式动词”结构

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:07:12 12:06:54
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

英语有个很有用的结构，就是：疑问词 不定式动词（question word to-infinitive）。

　　疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”。此外，连接词“whether”也适用。

　　“疑问词 不定式动词”结构有何功用呢？其主要功用有下列五种：

　　⑴当主语，如：
　　● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
　　● Where to live is a problem.
　　● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.

　　⑵当宾语，如：
　　● We must know what to say at a meeting.
　　● He could not tell whom to trust.
　　● Do you know how to play bridge?

　　⑶当补足语，如：
　　● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
　　● The question is who to elect.

　　⑷当名词同位语，如：
　　● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
　　● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?

　　⑸当宾语补足语，如：
　　● Jim is not sure whose to choose.
　　● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.

　　适用于“疑问词 不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。

　　有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如：
　　● I could not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
　　● Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.

　　有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词 不定式动词” 结构。例如：
　　● The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
　　● Have you told him where to get the application form?

　　综上所述，可见“疑问词 不定式动词”结构是个形象清新，既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构，可以多多运用。