物流考试英语辅导：物流商贸、国际运输相关名词解释

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:09:05 13:41:43
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

Commons terms and statements unique to the international transportation
and logistics business are explained below in simple, easy to understand
definitions.

Absolute Quota Restrictions - which permit a limited quantity of merchandise to be entered with Customs
or withdrawn for consumption into the United States during specified periods
of time.

Act of God: - Marine Insurance term meaning an act beyond man’s control, e.g., lightning, flood, earthquake, etc. The carrier is not
legally responsible under most circumstances for such damage.

Ad Valorem: - According to value. Rates are based on value of goods

Advising Bank: - The Bank which advises the seller that a Letter of Credit has been opened
in his favor by the buyer. however, the advising bank does not necessarily
guarantee payment.

AI - All Inclusive Rates

AMS - Automated Manifest System. Electronic computer link with U.S. Customs that
allows for faster processing and clearance of cargo.

Arbitrary: - A stated amount over a fixed rate to one point to make a rate to another point.

Arrival Notice: - Notice sent by the carrier informing the consignee, notify party, and also
notify party of the arrival date of the cargo. Other pertinent information
for shipment may be included, such as bill of lading number, weight, charges
due and location of cargo.

Awkward Cargo: - Cargo of irregular size that is either containerized or un-containerized. It requires prior approval, depending on the circumstances,
before confirmation of booking.

BAF or (BSC): - Bunker Adjustment Factor (or Bunker Surcharge). Surcharge assessed by carrier
to freight rates to supplement increased fuel costs.

Bank Guarantee: - Document accepted in lieu of original bill of lading to release cargo.
Protected in writing to carrier for performing a deviation from normal
business, guaranteed by a bank.

BB- Break bulk: - A term used to describe cargo which does not constitute a full container,
or which is palletized, boxed, etc., or large machinery, trucks, etc. Also
used to describe cargo, which cannot be containerized due to its size
and/or nature.

B/L- Bill of Lading: - A receipt for the cargo and a contract for transportation between a shipper
and the ocean carrier. It may also be used as an instrument of ownership,
which can be bought, sold or traded while the goods are in transit.
To be used in this manner, it must be a negotiable “Order Bill of Lading”.

A “Clean B/L” is issued when the shipment is received in good order. If
damage or a shortage is noted, a clean bill of lading will not be issued.
An “On Board B/L” certifies that the cargo has been placed aboard the named
vessel and is signed by the master of the vessel or his representative.
On letter of credit transactions, an On Board B/L is usually necessary for
the shipper to obtain payment from the bank.

When all bills of lading are processed, a “ships manifest” is prepared
by the steamship line. This summarizes all cargo aboard the vessel by port
of loading and discharge.

“Inland Bill of Lading” is also known as the “Waybill” on rail or the
“Pro Forma B/L” in trucking. It’s used to document the transportation of the goods between the port and the
point of origin or destination. It should contain information, such as marks,
numbers, steamship line, etc., to match with a dock receipt.

Booking: - The arrangement of space of cargo in a container (CFS or CY), or as a break
bulk or bulk. One would call an international carrier and reserve space for the cargo.

Bonded Warehouse: - A warehouse, section of a warehouse, or secured area designated by U.S.
Customs as a bonded warehouse. It is a temporary storage area (limited for
five years) for goods until duties are paid or otherwise properly released
and the cleared from Customs.

Box: - Slang term for an ocean container for cargo.

Brokerage: - Fee paid to freight forwarder by the carrier for services performed.

Bulk Freight: - Not in packages or containers, shipped loose in the hold of the ship.
Grain, coal and sulfur are usually bulk freight.

CAF - Currency Adjustment Factor: Surcharge percentage applied to freight
rates to adjust currency fluctuations in order to equalize different currency values.

Carrier Certificate and Release Order (Carrier Certificate): - Used to advise Customs of the details of the shipment, its ownership,
port of lading, etc. By means of this document, the carrier certifies
hat the firm or individual named in the certificate is the owner or
consignee of the cargo.

CBM - Cubic Meter

Certificate of Origin (C/O) - Formal document, required at destination, stating the origin of cargo
and relevant cargo details.

CFS - Container Freight Station. Storage/warehouse facilities for loading/unloading
less than full container orders.

CFS/CFS - Cargo movement delivered loose at origin point, devanned by
carrier at destination, and picked up loose at destination terminal.

CFS/CY - Loose cargo received at origin point, loaded in a container by carrier,
then delivered intact at destination.

Chassis:- A wheeled flat bed trailer on which to mount a cargo container for transport.

CHB (Custom House Broker)- - A person or company who is licensed to transact customs business on
behalf of the United States importer. Licensing is by U.S. Customs.
Also referred to as Customs Broker.