英语讲义(163)怎样使句子简练利落

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:09:25 13:21:28
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　不是所有的长句都是罗唆的，也不是凡是短的句子都是洗练的。我们要尽量运用简练的句子；我们也要尽量把没有增添语意的词语去掉，并且将冗长句子节缩，使之简练利落。

　　我们可以从四方面着手：

　　一、消除多余的词语

　　每句话里的词藻或用语，如果对语意起不了作用就不要铺张，要给以铲除，因此（1）a-（7）a都嫌唠叨，要由（1）b-（7）b来取代：

　　（1）a. At this point of time
　 　　→b. Now

　　（2）a. Bring all this to a conclusion.
　　　→b. Concluding this.

　　（3）a. Has a tendency to 0drop
　 　　→b. Can 0drop easily.

　　（4）a. On account of the fact that……
　 　　→b. As……/Since……

　　（5）a. Situated in the vicinity of……
　 　　→b. near……

　　（6）a. June was detemined in her mind to ……
　 　　→b. June was determind to ……/June decided to ……

　　（7）a. Here comes David, a person whom I idolise and for whom I have the greatest admiration.
　 　　→b. Here comes David,a person I idolise./Here comes my idol, David.

　　二、避免不必要的重复

　　重复重要的字眼是种修辞手段，但是不必要或无目的的重复，却使句子累赘不自然，因此（8）a-（12）a要改为（8）b-（12）b:

　　（8）a. Close proximity
　 　　→b. Proximity

　　（9）a. Cooperate together
　 　　→b. Cooperate/work together

　　（10）a. Most unique
　 　 　→b. unique

　　（11）a. The patient in Ward 2 is a mentally ill man.
　 　 　→b. The patient in Ward 2 is mentally ill.

　　（12）a. A good teacher helps each student to become a better student, both academically and mentally.
　 　 　→b. A good teacher helps each student to grow. /develop academically and mentally.

　　三、简化句子结构

　　句子结构务必明确易解，如果出现不必要的迂回状况，便要纠正加以简化，而且尽量采用恰当的动词，臻达这目的；因此（13）a-（14）a要改为（13）b-（14）b:

　　（13）a. Rarely should a doctor give a patient an estimate of how many months or years he or she will live.
　 　　　 →b.Rarely should a doctor estimate/predict how long a patient will live.

　　（14）a. The manager is responsible for monitoring and balancing the annual budget for all expenses.
　　　　　→b. The manager monitors and balances the annual budget.

　　四、将从句节缩为短语、短语简化为单词

　　英语从句和短语，特别是修饰性质者，可以简而略之，但语意不变，如（15）a和（16）a都可节缩为（15）b和（16）b:

　　（15）a. The oral approach,which is a method of language teaching,is effective for teaching oral communication.
　　　　→b. The oral approach, a method of language teaching, is effective for teaching oral communication.

　　（16）a. Janets jacket, made of cotton, is too warm for hot weather here.
　　　　→b. Janets cotton jacket, is too warm for hot weather