语法讲义系列五：倒装结构

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:10:08 10:46:39
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　倒装结构也是英语考试中的常考语法现象，该结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装。所谓全部倒装是指整个谓语部分放在主语前面；而部分倒装是指谓语的一部分（情态动词或助动词）放在主语之前。

　　考点一：表示地点、方向和时间的副词或者介词放在句首时，句子要全部倒装。这些词有：
here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then,
There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
In each room are ten students. 每个房间里有十个学生。

　　考点二：当含有否定意义的词或短语放在句首时，要用部分倒装。这类词包括：
not, never, neither, seldom, little, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no longer, not until,
at no time, by no means, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only … but also…
Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much.
Not until he came back did I leave. (注意：只能是主句的主谓倒装)
On no account will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees.

　　考点三： as adj. / adv. 以及“to such a degree, to such an extent, to such a point.”放在句首， 表示程度，句子要倒装。
To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.

　　考点四：虚拟语气中，省去if 后， 从句需要倒装。
Had he not been promoted, he never have remained with the company.
（＝ If he had not been promoted, …）
Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday.
Had I known what was going to happen, I would never have done such a thing.
本来为If I had known what…

　　考点五：“only 状语”放在句首时，句子需要倒装。
Only by working hard can you achieve your goal.
Only in this way can we solve this problem successfully and effectively.

　　考点六： 由as 或though 引导的让步状语从句有时也用倒装句，即把表语或部分谓语提前。
Patient though / as he was, he was unwilling to wait three hours.
他虽有耐心，但也不愿意等三个小时。
Child as / though he was, he had a good command of English.
他虽然是个孩子，但已经熟知英语。
Try as he might, he couldn’t the box. 不管他想什么办法， 都没法打开那个箱子。

　　考点七：由be 引起的倒装句表示让步，并带有虚拟语气的结构特点，即 be 用原形。
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
( be it selling…= whether in may be selling …)
每天的生意，无论是售货还是运货，都进行得很顺利。
Be it so humble, there is no place like home.
( be it so humble = However humble it may be,…)
金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。