语法讲义系列三：复合句

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:10:12 12:00:08
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

复合句是由主句＋从句构成，它是英语学习中比较复杂的句子结构。一般来说，英语中一个句子只能有一个谓语，如果出现两个谓语，那么其中一个谓语只能是以从句的形式或并列句或非谓语动词的形式出现。所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子，由从属连词连接。从句的种类有很多，但根据其性质和作用可以分为：名词性从句，形容词性从句（即定语从句），副词性从句（即状语从句）三大类。

一、名词性从句：即从句在整个句中起名词作用，分别可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

考点一：主语从句：主要考查主语从句的引导词；主句的谓语动词，一般用单数。如：

1. That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody. ( = It is well-known to everybody that the earth goes around the sun. ) 2. Whether he will come to the meeting is up to his boss. （此时不能用if ） 3. Who will come to the dinner remains a question. 4. What you have said is convincing. 5. How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries. 6. Why the murderer came back to the scene of crime is a psychological problem. 同时，需要注意主语从句的一些常见句型。如：

It is reported that… It must be pointed out that … It is likely that … It is a good thing that… It happens that …

考点二：宾语从句：主要考查宾语从句的引导词和引导词的省略以及从句的语序。如：

1 He believed that walking under a ladder brings bad luck. 2. We can learn what we do not know from TV programs. 3. Tell me which of the books is the right one. 4. Your success will depend on how you present yourself. 5. I wonder if/whether you can help me.

考点三：表语从句：be动词或者系动词后面跟主语补足语。

1.The assumption is that things will improve.
2. China is not what it used to be.
3. The doctor’s dilemma is whether he should tell a lie to the patient.

考点三：同位语从句：名词性从句考查的重点。

同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词 that从句构成，引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成分。这些抽象名词有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。 1. The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild with joy. The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radio.（比较－定语从句） 2. There is much evidence that the crime rate in this city is on the rise. 3. Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light. 爱因斯坦得出的结论是宇宙中最大速度是光速。

二、形容词性从句（即定语从句）：复合句考查的重点

定语从句主要用来修饰它前面的先行词（名词或代词）的从句，所以又称形容词从句。根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；介词＋引导词以及非限制性定语从句。具体考点如下： 考点一：引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词(as, when, where, why)等。但是当下列情况出现时，引导词有特殊要求。

1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, little, much时； 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very修饰时；当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的引导词用that。例： All that you want are here. There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.没有人不犯错误。 This is the best film that I have ever seen.