一、Issue的典型立场 1. Agree P104 3 2. Disagree P108 47 3. Agree with concession P105 16 4. Disagree with concession P107 34 5. Refuse to take sides 拒绝站在任何一边 case by case attitude P111 73
二、典型结构 typical organizations 1. I. Introducion P293 II. support1 III. support2 IV. support3 V. conclusion 句型: In the first place / to begin with In the second place / in addition Last but not least / Moreover / furthermore / what’s more 2. I. support1 正 P217 II. support2 正 III. concession 反 句型： In the first place … in the second place … Admittedly / however , it should be admitted (confessed) that / however, there is no denying that…
3. I. Introducion P283 II. Side A III. Side B IV. Conclusion 4. 反驳式： 逐一反驳对方理由
Refute 1 Refute 2 Refute 3 Conclusion I. Many people may sincerely believe that… , However, one does not have to go very far to see that … II. Some people may also take for granted that (理所当然地认 为) … Yet careful examination would review that … III. Another misconception that many people may hold is that … But what they feel notice is that …
闪光句型： According to the title statement, … while I agree that … I insist that …/ it is natural that…
It is natural that people may disagree over such a controversial issue due to their different experiences and values. On balance , I an inclined to support (<-> oppose ) the idea that ..
There is a growing public concern over the issue of … The speaker in the title statement advocates that …. In the last analysis, I argue that…
四、how to support your claim 正文论证 1. inductive reasoning 逻辑推理 具体 .. 一般 1） facts and examples: P282 P 219
句型：For example / instance, To illustrate , As an illustration. There is evidence that … 2) statistics : P 98-100 3) authorities or quotations :
句型： Professor / or … , a well-known / influential scholar of … In china said , “… ”