经贸博览之五:知识产权

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:11:28 14:13:13
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

Table of contents

　　I. What is "intellectual property" 什么是知识产权

　　1. Definition of "intellectual property" "知识产权"定义

　　2. Types of intellectual property 知识产权类型

　　3. Major international conventions on intellectual property 主要的知识产权国际公约

　　4. Important terms related to intellectual property 与知识产权有关的术语

　　II. Chinas intellectual property 中国的知识产权

　　1. Chinas laws governing the intellectual property rights 中国知识产权法律

　　2. Chinas governmental authorities on the protection of IPR

　　中国负责知识产权的政府机构

　　III. Case Study about IPR—— Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act

　　案例——美国版权法第110节第5段

　　IV. TRIPS issues to be discussed in the new round of WTO negotiations

　　新一轮WTO谈判所涉及的知识产权议题

　　I. What is "intellectual property" 什么是知识产权?

　　Definition of "intellectual property" "知识产权"定义

　　According to the WIPO (the World Intellectual Property organization), intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.

　　根据世界知识产权组织，知识产权指的是智力创造，包括：用于商业用途的发明、文学和艺术作品、标志、名称、形象和设计。

　　Types of intellectual property 知识产权类型

　　According to the Trips Agreement, the term "intellectual property" refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of Trips Agreement. To be specific, the types of intellectual property are copyright and related rights. trademarks (including service marks). geographical indications. industrial designs. patents. layout-designs of integrated circuits. undisclosed information (including trade secrets).

　　根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》，"知识产权"指的是该协定第二部分第1至7节所包括的有关知识产权的所有范畴。具体而言，知识产权类型包括：版权极其相关权利；商标（包括服务商标）；地理标识；工业设计；专利；集成电路布图设计；未披露信息（包括商业秘密）。

　　2. Major international conventions on intellectual property 主要的知识产权国际公约

　　Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property《保护工业产权的巴黎公约》

　　Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works《保护文学和艺术作品的伯尔尼公约》

　　Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations《保护表演者、录音制品制作者和广播组织的罗马公约》

　　4. Important terms related to intellectual property 与知识产权有关的术语

　　TRIPS协定中重要术语的解释

　　Trademark商标

　　According to Article 15.1 of Trips Agreement, the term "trademark" refers to any sign, or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.

　　根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第15.1条，"商标"指的是能将一企业的货物或服务区别于其它企业的货物或服务的任何标记或任何标记组合。 Copyright版权

　　Copyright is a legal term describing rights given to creators for their literary and artistic works.

　　版权是指描述给予文学和艺术作品创造者的权利的法律术语。

　　The kinds of works covered by copyright include: literary works such as novels, poems, plays, reference works, newspapers and computer programs. databases. films, musical compositions, and choreography. artistic works such as paintings, drawings, photographs and sculpture. architecture. and advertisements, maps and technical drawings.

　　版权所包括的作品种类包括：文学作品，例如小说、诗歌、剧本、参考书目、报纸和电脑程序；数据库；电影、音乐作品、舞蹈；艺术作品，例如绘画、制图、照片和雕塑；建筑；广告、地图和技术制图。

　　rights related to copyright——neighboring rights与版权相关的权利——邻接权

　　These related rights grew up around copyrighted works, and provide similar, although often more limited and of shorter duration, rights to:

　　performing artists (such as actors and musicians) in their performances.

　　producers of sound recordings (for example, cassette recordings and compact discs) in their recordings.

　　broadcasting organizations in their radio and television programs.

　　邻接权产生于版权所有的作品，并提供相似的，虽然经常更有限的和为期更短的权利给：

　　在表演中的表演艺术家（例如演员和音乐家）；

　　在录音制品中的录音制品制作者（例如磁带和CD）

　　在广播组织的广播和电视节目中的广播组织。

　　Patents专利

　　According to the Article 27.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, the term of "patents" refers to any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application.

　　根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第27.1条, 专利指的是在所有的科技领域中的任何发明，无论是产品还是程序，只要它们是新的、涉及一项发明性步骤、能够供工业应用。

　　Well-known trademarks驰名商标

　　According to the Article 16.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, in determining whether a trademark is well-known, Members shall take account of the knowledge of the trademark in the relevant sector of the public, including knowledge in the Member concerned which has been obtained as a result of the promotion of the trademark.

　　根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第16.1条，在决定商标是否驰名，成员应当考虑在相关公共领域中对此商标的知识，包括有关成员在该商标推广之后对此商标所获得的知识。

　　工业设计Industrial Designs

　　An industrial design is the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color.

　　工业设计是一件物品的装饰或美学层面。设计可以是三维特征，例如一件物品的外形或表面；或二维特征，例如式样、线条或颜色。

　　Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft: from technical and medical instruments to watches, jewelry, and other luxury items. from housewares and electrical appliances to vehicles and architectural structures. from textile designs to leisure goods.

　　工业设计应用于从技术和医学器械到手表、珠宝和其它奢侈品；从家用器皿和电器到交通工具和建筑结构；从纺织品设计到休闲用品的非常广泛的工业品和手工艺品。

　　Geographical indications地理标识

　　According to the Article 22.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, the term of "geographical indications" refers to the indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.

　　根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第22.1条，"地理标识"指的是能表明一货物来源于一成员领土或该领土内一地区或地方，该货物的某种特征、名声或其它特征本质上归因于其地理来源。