公共英语等级考试PETS三级综合辅导(四)

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:12:01 14:22:22
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

我们按考题的先后顺序，讲五种题型的答题技巧。

一、阅读理解

阅读理解所涉及到的考题是三篇文章。这三篇文章的总阅读量大概在800个单词左右。每篇文章后面有5个问题，每題2分，共计30分。这三十分在试卷五道题中占比重较大。阅读理解容易丢分的原因有两个：第一，也是最主要的，就是我们的词汇量偏少；第二个是语法薄弱。

阅读理解要求我们同学在读完阅读理解题之后，能够掌握文章的大意，要对文章的中心思想有个了解。此外，还要了解说明中心思想的细节、事实，并能根据所读的内容进行一定的判断和推论。三个层次：第一，阅读完之后，了解中心思想；第二，有哪些主要事实和细节；第三，能够进行一些推论和判断。

基本阅读技巧

一、略读：

略读，就是我们通常所说的浏览。是指跳过细节，跳过不重要的描述或者举例，进行快速阅读，以求抓住文章大意或者中心思想的一种阅读方法。略读的速度要快，270个单词的一篇文章大概在2分半到3分钟（教学大纲规定一般阅读速度是70单词/分钟，快速阅读速度100单词/分钟。）。略读时，精力要特别集中，不要试图去记那些细节，遇到比较难的生词，或者比较长的、难的句子也不要纠缠不清，因为我们的目的是对这篇文章宏观上有个了解，略读时一定要注意文章的起始段和结束段；还要注意每一段的第一句和最后一句，也就是掐两头，因为这些东西往往是对文章最好的概括和总结。

二、寻读：

寻读是指快速寻找某一特殊信息的阅读方法。它的目的非常明确，也应要找到所需要的信息。其实我们在日常生活当中，对这种现象并不陌生。比如要在人群中找到你认识的朋友，你在货架上找到你要买的东西买；从书架上要找到你要读的书等等，都是类似的道理。我们在寻读时，目光由上而下，一目十行，这样尽量快速找到与答题相关的词句，与答题无关的内容也应该尽快阅过。当我要回答由who, when, what, where等，这些涉及到文章细节的时候往往要用这方法。

三、细读：

细读这是要在相对比较小的范围内，逐字逐句的进行仔细的阅读。这时候对关键字和关键句子要仔细琢磨，以便有比较准确的理解。细读有一点要提醒大家：有的时候我们既要理解字面的含义，还要通过推理和判断弄清文章中字里行间所隐含的意义。在细读的过程当中，对没有学过的生词，我们可以根据上下文的背景来猜测词义。对于比较难懂的句子可以借助我们所学过的语法常识，对句子进行分析，以求达到充分理解的目的。总而言之，我们在阅读一篇文章时，要根据后面的五个问题的不同类型采用不同的阅读方法。

前面我们讲的这三种阅读方法是第一个层面上的，任何语言都如此，包括中文，是从宏观上把握的一些应试技巧。

接下来我们讲第二个层面的，一些具体的应试技巧。

解题类型及应试技巧（具体的，微观的技巧）

三级英语考试中，阅读理解题部分一般涉及到五种类型的题：

一．主题思想题（中心思想题）常见提问方式及答题技巧：

主题思想题在考试中出现的频率比较高，当我们做有关主题思想题时要用“略读”的方法。考主题思想的题目中会出现以下一些关键词：

title, subject, main, idea, topic, these.

考主题思想的试题一般有以下几种形式：

This passage tells us ___

This passage centers on ___

This best title for the passage is ___

Which of the following would be the best title?

What is the main idea of the passage?

刚才我们讲过，在做有关主题思想题时，应用“略读”的方法把主要精力放在抓主要信息上面，不要只关心细节，否则就会只见树木，不见森林。通常的办法，应该是快速阅读文章时，注意找出各段的主题句。文章各段的主题句通常放在句首。

例1：2005年4月考题

We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.
It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.
Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. (80) In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like "he went pale and begin to tremble" suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, "he opened his eyes wide" is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese "surprise" can be described in a phrase like they stretched out their tongues! Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike.
Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on peoples faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.
11. According to the passage, __________.
A. we can hardly understand what peoples gestures mean
B. we can not often be sure what people mean when they describe their feelings in words or gestures
C. words can be better understood by older people
D. gestures can be understood by most of the people while words can not
12. Peoples facial expressions may be misunderstood because __________.
A. people of different ages may have different understanding
B. people have different cultures
C. people of different sex may understand a gesture in a different way
D. people of different countries speak different languages
13. In the same culture, __________.
A. people have different ability to understand and express feelings
B. people have the same understanding of something
C. people never fail to understand each other
D. people are equally intelligent
14. From this passage, we can conclude __________.
A. words are used as frequently as gestures
B. words are often found difficult to understand
C. words and gestures are both used in expressing feelings
D. gestures are more efficiently used than words
15. The best title for this passage may be __________.
A. Words and Feelings
B. Words, Gestures and Feelings
C. Gestures and Feelings
D. Culture and Understanding

提示：

15题“The best title for this passage may be __________.”考查的就是该短文的主题思想。

我们刚说过，对一篇文章来讲，首段和尾段对于解主题思想这类题非常重要。

这道题的答案就包含在文章首段中的第一句“We use both words and gestures to express our feelings,”中。

例2．

By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can greatly increase their childrens language development. It is surprising but true. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the childrens language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the childs language skills increase.

A study was done with 30 three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the children participated in the experimental study. the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, "What is the doggie doing?" rather than "Is the doggie running away?" The parents in the experimental group were also instructed in how to help children find answers, how to suggest alternative possibilities and how to praise correct answers.

At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ in measures of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group showed 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group.

6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Children who talk a lot are more intelligent.

B. Parents who listen to their children can teach them more.

C. Active children should read more and be given more attention.

D. Verbal ability can easily be developed with proper methods.

7. What does "it" in line 2 can most probably be replaced by?

A. Parents increasing childrens language development

B. Reading techniques being simple

C. Parents reading to children

D. Childrens intelligence development

8. According to the author, which of the following questions is the best type to ask children about?

A. Do you see the elephant? B. Is the elephant in the cage?

C. What animals do you like? D. Shall we go to the zoo?

9. The difference between the control group and the experimental group was __________.

A. the training that parents received

B. the age of the children

C. tile books that were read

D. the number of the children

10. The best conclusion we can draw from the passage is that __________.

A. parents should be trained to read to their children

B. the more children read, the more intelligent they will become

C. childrens language skills increase when they are required to respond actively

D. children who read actively seem six months older

提示：

10题“The best conclusion we can draw from the passage is that __________.”当然也是考查本文的主题思想，而答案就在首段的末句“If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the childs language skills increase.”中。

二、主要事实和细节题

　　下面讲主要事实和细节题的设题思路和答题技巧。主要事实和细节题最多的就是我们平常所说的，由who, where, what, when, why, which等等引导的特殊问句。当然不仅仅限于这些，还可以是，会把这篇文章的某一个细节拿出来，让你判断正误。比如说：Which the following is true? 或者是：Which the following is not true? 当然题目的形式很多。这类题在阅读理解题中占比例非常大,为什么大？因为它比较容易。换句话说在文章的某一地方用寻读的方法找，细找就能找到。它的比例一般占到60%，不会少于60%。考试事实和细节题可能会涉及到一些数字计算、概念理解、是非判断等。 我们做主要事实和细节题，一般的方法技巧，应当是先用寻读的方法。我们所说的，文章先略读以启迪，在寻读的时候大概知道记得这个问题在第几段里，找到位置之后，再仔细地看。做主要事实和细节题时要注意经常给同学造成困惑的，阅读题3篇，它的程度很难保证在一个水平上。可能有一篇或两篇比较难。从测试学的角度来讲，为了取得平衡，出题老师在设题时会用一些技巧，所以提醒同学们，你看到一篇文章，这篇文章的重启比较多，句子比较长，一句话，你觉得比较难，请不要放弃，要耐心去看。因为，这种题相对比较容易。反过来，如果你碰到一篇文章里面没有重启，句子也好理解，也不要得意忘形，后面的题通常会绕，在设题时，通常在题干或选项中增加一些文字上或意义上的干扰，使你在原文当中不能直接找到答案。语言难度比较大的，大部分可以在原文中找到答案。应当说，主要事实和细节题比较简单，不用花太多时间.

例：

In the United States, 30 percent of the adult population has a "weight problem". To many people, the cause is obvious: they eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea. Going back to the America of the 1910s, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less and didnt watch television.

Several modem studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people do not eat more on the average than thinner people. In fact, some investigations, such as the 1979 study of 3, 545 London office workers, report that, on balance, fat people eat less than slimmer people.

Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts:

The more the men ran, the more body fat they lost.

The more they ran, the greater amount of food they ate.

Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.

11. The physical problem that many adult Americans have is that__________.

A. they are too slim B. they work too hard

C. they are too fat D. they lose too much body fat

12. According to the article, given 500 adult Americans, __________ people will have a "weight problem".

A. 30 B. 50 C. 100 D. 150

13. Is there any scientific evidence to support that eating too much is the cause of a "weight problem"?

A. Yes, there is plenty of evidence.

B. Of course, there is some evidence to show this is true.

C. There is hardly any scientific evidence to support this.

D. We dont know because the information is not given.

14. In comparison with the adult American population today, the Americans of the 1910s __________.

A. ate more food and had more physical activities

B. ate less food but had more activities

C. ate less food and had less physical exercise

D. had more weight problems

15. Modem scientific researches have reported to us that__________.

A. fat people eat less food and are less active

B. fat people eat more food than slim people and are more active

C. fat people eat more food than slim people but are less active

D. thin people run less, but have greater increase in food intake

提示：

11-15题基本上都可以算是细节题，解决这样的问题，最好的办法就是寻读 分析。

比如12题：

According to the article, given 500 adult Americans, __________ people will have a "weight problem".

A. 30 B. 50 C. 100 D. 150

意思是“根据文章，500个成年美国人中，有‘体重问题’的人数为30、50、100还是150？”

通过寻读"weight problem"，我们可以发现文章的第一句In the United States, 30 percent of the adult population has a "weight problem".给出了间接的解答，按照30%的比例，500人中显然会有150人存在“体重问题”。