Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Our losses change us and change the course of our lives. It is not that one who can never again be happy following an experience of loss. The reality is simply that one can never again be the same.

Sudden, unexpected change can create the greatest of all challenges to our peace and serenity. With no advance preparation, we have to adjust to what may be different circumstances than what we’re used to. We may come home from a normal day at work to find our house has burned to the ground. We may lose a loved one through death. We may lose our property, beliefs, future plans, feelings of safety, or even our sense of identity. The truth is, almost everything in our lives can be lost.

Most of the time we protect ourselves from this reality. We just don’t think about the fact that we could lose something dear to us in an instant. To be in this thought would make it impossible to get on with our lives in a positive way. We don’t need to fear loss or begin grieving before anything has happened. But we can accept the reality that it could happen, and that will eventually come out of the experience all right if rational acceptance of reality changes our lives. It comes along unexpectedly, and it did. This kind of rational acceptance without irrational fear can help prepare us for an unexpected loss.

Two kinds of changes take place within us when we experience a sudden loss. First, we become conscious of our vulnerability. We can no longer achieve that denial which kept us oblivious to all the things that could happen. We know that all kinds of losses can happen to us, not just to other people. We may never feel quite as safe again. The other effect of sudden loss is that eventually we adjust to it. It may take a long time, but we gradually incorporate the loss into our lives and go on.

31. According to Paragraph 1, our losses can _________.

I. change the course of our lives

II. change our experience of loss

III. change the character and personality of ours

A. I only B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II and III

32. Examples of the following belong to sudden changes or losses except one may__________.

A. return home from work to see one’s home destroyed by a fire

B. be desperate to find one’s best friend or lover betray himself/herself

C. find what he believes in life turns out a lie

D. find that there can not be so-called feelings of safety.

33. “This thought” in the sentence “To be in this thought would make it impossible …” may refer to _______.

A. most of the time we protect ourselves from this reality

B. we could lose something dear to us in an instant

C. we just think of something that we could lose in an instant

D. almost everything in our lives can be lost in an instant

34. From Paragraph 3, the author’s attitude towards loss or sudden loss in life can be summarized as _________.

A. always being ready for unexpected loss

B. eventually coming out of the loss experience

C. accepting the unexpected loss reasonably and calmly

D. being prepared for unexpected losses though fearfully sometimes

35. The best title of this passage can be_____________.

A. Sudden Loss and Change in Our Life

B. Unexpected Loss on Our Way to Success

C. Loss and Misfortune in the World

D. Sudden Loss and Feeling of Safety

Passage 2

Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.

Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests.

People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.

In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming (打扮)— shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t get a job.”

36. According to the passage, the way we dress __________.

A. provides clues for people who are critical of us

B. indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career

C. has a direct influence on the way people regard us

D. is of particular importance when we get on in age

37. From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can __________.

A. change people’s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyle

B. help young people make friends with the opposite sex

C. make them competitive in the job market

D. help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships

38. The word “precedent” (Line 1, Para.4) probably refers to __________ .

A. early acts for men to follow as examples

B. particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance

C. things that men should agree upon

D. men’s beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided

39. According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because

A. the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to choose

B. women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion models

C. men are more favorably judged for managerial positions

D. they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing

40. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Dressing for effect. B. How to dress appropriately.

C. Managerial positions and clothing. D. Dressing for the occasion.

Passage 3

The world is full of new horrors and there’s no place to hide. Who says so? Disaster psychologists, for a start. They are the people who take in the big picture of our collective reactions to human-created disaster, the ways these reactions are caused, and our coping mechanisms. And research into disaster psychology is growing fast.

Among the big issues being addressed by these researchers are understanding the terrorists’ weapons, assessing the full impact of terrorism—and, crucially, working out which psychological approaches actually work. It’s a deeply controversial area.

Take the work of Dennis Embry as an example. He argues that we have overlooked the obvious: the purpose of terrorism is to create terror. This works best “if the very symbols of everyday life become conditioned fear and anxiety stimulant”. The top targets will be the most symbolic of a nation’s daily life, preferably served up for prime-time television. Crashing planes from United and American Airlines into the Twin Towers and the Pentagon from 8.46 am on met those objectives all too perfectly. After the attacks, people stopped flying. Why? Not because they had made a rational risk assessment but because the mere thought of flying made their palms sweat.

From terrorism to rail crashes, counseling and “debriefing” (盘问) are the standard response to help those caught up in disasters. But there are growing doubts about their effectiveness. What might be going wrong? Debriefing focuses on getting people to talk through the trauma (损伤)and its emotional consequences soon after the incident. Could it be that some people are better by distancing themselves from what happened, rather than retelling it?

41. Disaster psychology refers to the study of how to __________.

A. avoid human-created disasters

B. cope with human reactions to disasters

C. reduce the worst natural disasters

D. prevent growing terrorism

42. The passage tells us that disaster psychology is __________.

A. a highly controversial area

B. a well-established science

C. not associated with terrorism

D. not a part of scientific study

43. According to Dennis Embry, how do terrorists reach their goals?

A. By overlooking the most obvious of everyday life.

B. By setting up new symbols for a nation’s daily life.

C. By turning symbols of everyday life into fear and anxiety stimulant.

D. Through hijacking big planes from the most famous international airlines.

44. Why do people usually stop flying after terrorist attacks?

A. Because they are terrified of flying.

B. Because they believe in rational risk assessment.

C. Because their palms will become too sweaty for them to fly.

D. Because they can’t decide which airline will be the safest.

45. Counseling and debriefing may not be effective methods because __________.

A. there is fierce controversy in this area

B. many research have proved this

C. some people may hide their true feelings

D. some people may feel better to forget the disaster

Passage 4

By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of common citizens in the United States. As the time went on, ice was used in hotels, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861~1865), it came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and one third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, an earlier form of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat was undeveloped. The common sense that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting (融化) was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. However, early efforts to save ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors find the ways needed for an efficient icebox.

But as early as 1803, a Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right way. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would refuse to buy the rapidly melting butter of the other farmers to pay a higher price for his butter, the butter still fresh and hard. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

46. This passage is mainly about ______________.

A. the importance of the icebox in the mid-nineteenth century

B. the development and improvement of the icebox

C. how to make an efficient icebox

D. an important invention of a Maryland farmer

47. In paragraph 1, the word “forward-looking”(line 3) probably means ___________.

A. greedy B. generous

C. longing for greater profit D. having modem ideas

48. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1880 ____________.

A. ice began to be widely used in hospitals and hotels

B. ice began to affect the diet of common citizens in America

C. many American families had the icebox

D. one third of the ice sold in America went to families for their own use

49. In the early 19th century, most people believed that ____________.

A. it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling

B. the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting

C. to wrap the ice in blankets would keep the ice from doing its job

D. they lacked knowledge of the physics of heat

50. Customers would like to buy Thomas Moore’s butter because _______________.

A. his butter was fresh and hard

B. his butter was transported to market at night

C. his butter was rapidly melting

D. the price of his butter was lower

Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 5 points)

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Visitors to this country are normally admitted for six months, but foreign students can usually stay for one year. They must 51 an educational institution, and they are required to study for a minimum of fifteen hours a week on a 52 course. Prospective students have to show that they can afford their studies, and that they have sufficient 53 resources to support themselves 54 in this country.

In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, 55 must be applied for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to grant or 56 these permits, and there is little that can be done 57 it. it would be extremely unwise for a foreign visitor to work 58 a permit, since anyone doing so is liable to immediate deportation (驱逐出境). There are some people from the Common Market countries, who are often given 59 residence permits of up to five years. Some other people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others can work without permits, and foreign students are normally allowed to 60 part-time jobs while they are studying here.

51. A. establish B. purchase C. prove D. attend

52. A. daytime B. weekend C. part-time D. evening

53. A. natural B. financial C. moral D. occasional

54. A. after B. but C. while D. before

55. A. when B. what C. where D. which

56. A. solve B. refuse C. sell D. buy

57. A. for B. on C. about D. with

58. A. with B. before C. after D. without

59. A. temporary B. interior C. intelligent D. terrific

60. A. engage B. take C. expect D. review

2007年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考

英语试卷二

Part V Translation ( 30 minutes, 10 points)

Part VI Writing ( 30 minutes, 15 points)

考生须知

5． 试卷二满分25分，考试时间为60分钟，16：00开始，17：00结束。

6． 试卷二的答案一律用蓝色或黑色墨水笔答在答题纸上，答在试卷上的无效。

7． 宣布考试结束后，请一律停笔，将试卷二和答题纸反扣在自己的桌面上，坐在原位，等待监考人员收试卷二和答题纸。待监考人员全部收齐点清无误，宣布可以离场后，方可离开考场。

8．监考人员收卷过程中，考生须配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证上签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。

Paper Two

Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

A visa is necessary to apply for entry into the United States. Under U.S. law, all foreigners seeking admission are required an immigrant visa unless they are entitled to receive a visa in one of the non-immigrant categories. The most widely known non-immigrant categories are the visitor visa, which is used by foreigners who wish to enter the United States temporarily for business purpose, or for tourism or visits with relatives and friends.

Part II Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

Directions: In this part, you are allowed 25-30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on Increasing Housing Price. Study the following outline carefully and write your composition on the Composition Sheet. .

Title: Increasing Housing Price

Outline:

1. 房价过高的危害

2. 该现象产生的原因

3. 如何控制房价