Should astronauts wear slippers？ Should they be able to watch the evening news？ 宇航员能穿拖鞋吗？能看到晚间新闻吗？ These issues came up when a NASA researcher interviewed 10 former astronauts，collecting information for planning future space-flight missions such as the space station. 这些问题是在一位美国国家航空和航天局研究人员采访十名前宇航员时被提出来的。采访的目的是为筹划将来的太空飞行任务（如建立太空站）而收集资料。 William K. Douglas，who was the flight surgeon for the seven original Mercury astronauts， interviewed at least one astronaut from each of NASA s manned space-flight programs （excluding shuttle missions ），gathering a wide variety of opinions of such topics as health，food， clothing，morale，personal hygiene，psychological support，and chain of command. 威廉.K.道格拉斯是七名飞往水星的宇航员的航天飞机上的外科医生，他几乎访问了国家航天局每项载人太空飞行计划中的一位宇航员（航天飞机飞行任务除外），就健康、衣服，士气、个人卫生、心理支撑力以及连锁指令等话题广泛收集了意见。 Among the findings：Food. One respondent noted that people lose their ability to taste food when in zero gravity， probably because convection currents carry aromas away from the nose. He suggested that this problem could be overcome by providing stronger condiments such as pepper and hot mustard. 调查结果是：食物：一位被访者注意到人处于无引力状态时就丧失了辨味能力，这大概是由于空气对流从鼻子那儿把香味刮跑了。他认为这个问题可以通过提供较辣的调味品，如胡椒和芥末来解决。 Clothing. Two-piece garments were favored so that the top part could be easily removed in warmer sections of the space station. Morale could be boosted by providing a "dress" uniform for special occasions or allowing a variety of colors and styles. One astronaut suggested slippers for off-duty wear. 衣服：两节式衣服很受欢迎，它的上面部分在太空站较暖的地方容易脱下来。在特殊场合下穿“军礼服”或允许穿各种颜色和款式的服装可提高人的土气。一位宇航员建议在非工作时间穿拖鞋。 Hygiene. Shaving with electric razors becomes a problem in space because of whisker dust near the user‘s face. Douglas recommends that studies on animals be performed to determine whether harmful effects on the lungs might result inhalation of such dust over extended periods of time. 卫生：在太空中用电动剃须刀修面由于须沫会靠近修面者的脸而成了一个难题。道格拉斯建议在动物身上进行研究以弄清在较长时间内每天吸入这种须沫是否对肺有害。 Privacy. Most of the respondents said a private line of communication with their families was important， as was the ability to communicate privately with one another-i.e.， without being overheard by other crew members， ground control， or the press. One thought that long periods spent in space might make it necessary for an astronaut to have a private line of communication to his stock broker. Privacy was also thought necessary for sleeping and for quiet times. 私事：大多数被访者都说与家人的私人通话线很重要，即能够私下相互交谈而不被机组其他人员、地面控制站或报界偷听到。有一位认为，宇航员长期呆在太空，也许有必要拥有一个同他的证券经纪人保持联系的私人通话线。睡觉和清静之时不受干扰也认为很有必要。 Sleeping. One respondent expressed concern about the long-term effects of intermittent sleep， in which a person wakes up and goes back to sleep several times during a sleep period-a phenomenon that occurs more frequently in space flight than on Earth. The resulting loss of REM sleep may not cause problems over short periods but might if continued for two months or longer. Difficulty in sleep also resulted from free-floating which allows the head and hands to move about at random. 睡眠：一个被访者对断断续续的睡眠引起的长期后果表示关注，人处于这种睡眠时会在睡觉期间醒来若干次。这种现象在太空飞行中比在地球上更常发生。眼球迅速跳动的睡眠所造成的损失在短期内也许不会构成问题，但如持续两个月或更长的时间，就有可能出毛病。自由漂浮令人的头和手胡乱摆动，因此也能导致睡眠困难。 Death in space. What should be done if a crew member dies during a long-term mission on the space station？The idea of shooting bodies “into the Sun” is not acceptable in today s society， though some form of on-orbit disposal was suggested. 空中死亡：如果一位机组人员在太空站执行长期任务期间丧生该怎么办？尽管有人提出过某种轨道运行中的尸体处置法，但那种把尸体“射入太阳”的主意在当今社会还不可取。 Bringing a body back to Earth in a condition suitable for an open-casket funeral poses such problems as interim preservation and storage. Suggests Douglas：“One of the modern methods of taxidermy is to place the animal in a lifelike pose and freeze it in that position. A vacuum is then drawn on the container， and the animal is completely desiccated. The desiccated specimen is then placed in a sealed case. This technique could be adapted to the space station as a method of preserving the body of a deceased crew member until a relief vessel makes contact.” 把尸体在合适的情况下装入敞盖棺材送回地面又带来了尸体的暂时防腐和存放这类问题。道格拉斯建议说：“动物标本剥制术的现代方法之一是把动物摆成栩栩如生的姿式并按这种姿式把它冷冻起来，然后在容器上制成一个真空状态并使动物完全脱水，再把制干的标本放进密封盒里。这种方法可能适合于太空站在援机到达前用来保存死亡机组人员的尸体。” Physical requirements. In zero gravity there is less o[ a need for astronauts who are physically strong，so NASA should relax the physical requirements of crew members，suggested one respondent. This may eliminate arbitrary age limits. 体力要求：一位被访者说，在无引力状态下，宇航员不必身强体壮，因此，国家航空和航天局应放宽对机组人员的体力要求，这可能取缔专断的年龄限制。