2008年成人高考专升本英语复习笔记:基本句型

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2008:03:13 14:23:19
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网


  基本句型

  英语的基本句型有五种:

  1.主语 谓语动词(不及物动词)。如:

  My grandma can neither read nor write.

  2.主语 谓语动词 宾语。如:

  Morning exercises will do you a lot of good.

  3.主语 谓语动词 表语。如:

  In Beijing, the best season of the year is probably autumn.

  4.主语 谓语动词 间接宾语 直接宾语。如;

  The professor gave us a speech yesterday.

  5.主语 谓语动词 宾语 宾语补足语。如:

  Mary had her hair cut yesterday.

  句子的分类

  一、按用途分类

  句子按用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

  (一)陈述句

  陈述句说明一个事实或是表达说话人的看法。如:

  She arrived quite early.

  I dont see any point in making another speech on this problem.

  (二)疑问句

  疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

  1.一般疑问句

  一般疑问句通常以助动词开始,要求以yes 或no回答。如:

  "Will you pass on a message to him?" "Yes, whats it?"

  "Do you like sports?" "No, I prefer reading in my spare time. "

  2.特殊疑问句

  特殊疑问句以疑问代词开头,后面通常接一般疑问句,如果疑问词或其修饰的词作句子的主语,后面应用陈述句句序。如:

  How much did she charge ?

  Who is responsible for the accident?(be responsible for 为……负责)

  "______ do you record the temperature in the lab?"

  "Every two hours."

  A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How much(答案 C how often 表示频率,how soon最快……,how long 一段延续的时间,how much 问价钱)

  3.选择疑问句

  选择疑问句在结构上类似于一般疑问句,选择的两部分由or连接起来。如:

  Do you prefer coffee or tea? -Either will do.

  Are you from Shanghai or Suzhou?-Im from Suzhou.

  4.反意疑问句

  反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个简短的问句。如果前一部分用肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,两部分主语的人称、时态应保持一致。如:

  You are going out today, arent you?

  We cant take the books out, can we?

  当反意疑问句的前一部分是否定句,或含有no, nothing, never, hardly, seldom等词时,回答时应特别注意。事实上肯定的用yes,事实上否定的用no.

  You wont be away for long, will you?-No, Ill be back in ten minutes.

  He is hardly ten, is he?-Yes, he is ten.

  You havent any objection to the idea, have you?-No, I havent.(objection to 反对,to是介词)

  They have no classes tomorrow, have they?-No, they havent.

  日常用语中有些反意疑问句构成与上述不同,有其独特的方式。如:

  Have a cup of tea, will you?

  Lets meet at the station, shall we?

  What a lovely day, isnt it?

  4.反意疑问句

  1. You never told us his phone number, _______?

  A. hadnt you B. didnt you C. had you D. did you

  答案 D

  2. I dont think youve heard of him before, ________?

  A. dont I B. do I C. have you D. havent you

  答案 C

  3. Mountains can be very dangerous, ________?

  A. cant they B. arent they C. dont they C. wont they

  答案 A

  4. "Jill has a toothache."

  "Its been hurting her for quite a while, _______?"

  A. isnt it B. doesnt it C. wasnt it D. hasnt it

  答案 D

  5. Beginners have to learn from their mistakes, _______ they?

  A. havent B. mustnt C. dont D. arent

  learn from 从……学到

  答案 C

  6. "Its awfully cold this morning."

  "Yes, but its not colder than it was yesterday, _______ it?"

  A. wasnt B. isnt C. is D. was


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