.. first… second…. Third…. .. In the first place… in the second place… last but not least… .. The major problem with this argument is that…
Another problem that weakens/ undermines (削弱) the logic of this argument is that… Before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out another flaw (several other flaws) that undermines the argument. 四、 攻击的方法：
例证法： for example / instance 假设法： if, even if , given that (考虑到) ，granted that (姑且承认) only when (只有当) ，unless , in this / that case , even so Unless the arguer provides substantial evidence regarding / concerning / as to …, the assumption that … is unfounded / problematic / unconvincing … 推测法： it is possible that … , it is equally possible that … , another
possibility is that … , it is also likely that … possibly , perhaps
五、 运用闪光句型增加文采： P 88 六、 数据的问题： 1. Begging the question 把有待证实的关键性假设当作已经成立 Circular reasoning 循环论证 P35 2 , P44 37, P53 73 2. Fallacy of missing evidence
P63 112 , P42 29 4. False dilemma / either or fallacy 非此即彼的错误
P59 96 , P43 34 5. Non sequitor => non causal relationship
P50 62 , P52 70
闪光句型: In the absence of all this information, it is impossible for us to evaluate … that… However, the arguer fails to provide any information regarding … It is very likely that …