安通06年GCT英语阅读理解专项训练(四)

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2008:03:29 14:03:16
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

Text 7

In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (坏血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors’ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors.

Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.

The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting (斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.

11. Scurvy is a disease that is provoked by ____

A. salted meat and biscuits B. exhaustion

C. want of some essential substances D. lack of fresh vegetables and fruits

12. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “warded off” could probably be replaced by ____.

A. got rid of B. killedC. avoided D. cleared away

13. To avoid such disease as scurvy, it’s better for us ____.

A. not to eat much salted meatB. to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills

C. to have more fresh fruit and vegetablesD. to develop a good dietary habit

14. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough ____.

A. vitamin pills are of no availB. nutritious food might be unhealthy

C. vegetable leaves can be a good remedyD. religious fasting may help out a lot

15. Which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage?

A. Deficiencies of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases.

B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body.

C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in people’s health.

D. A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.

11.【答案】C。

【解析】对于scurvy(败血症)整个第一段都在介绍其情况，是什么引起它的呢?这就要求读者对这一段的各细节都准确理解，文中很明确地提到败血症是由于水手的饮食中缺少一些东西而引起的，而败血症又可通过吃新鲜蔬果而避免，这是否意味着败血症是由于缺少新鲜蔬果而引起的呢?从字面看，似乎是正确的，有的读者会选D项，但我们仔细理解每一选项及原文，新鲜蔬果为什么能避免败血症，当然是由于其中含有丰富的维生素，从下文主要讲述的对象——维生素来看，我们也可猜到，真正引起败血症的是缺乏蔬果中的维生素，所以C项者是最准确的。

12.【答案】C。（北京安通学校提供）

【解析】用一个词或短语代替另一个词或短语，也是对词义的考查，通常可以从上下文来推断，既然败血症的产生原因已被查明，那么通过提供新鲜蔬果败血症当然能被“避免”。A项的除掉显然不正确，因为防治败血症可以通过多吃蔬果，但要除掉一种病症却不是那么简单的事。B项“杀死”，这与A项意思基本相似，也是不正确的。C项“避免”这与原文相符。D项“清除”这也与A、B两项相近，是不正确的。

13.【答案】D。

【解析】如何避免败血症的方法，文中已提到，可通过多吃新鲜蔬果的方法，正如第一题一样，透过表面文字新鲜蔬果的真正意义是什么?当然是指水手们单一的腌肉饮食太不合理，要补充蔬果以增加维生素，也就是说需要合理的饮食习惯，这样在仔细理解原文和选项后，我们不难发现D项是最合适的答案。

14.【答案】B。

【解析】这一题需要我们对全文都理解后才能得出答案，如果我们的食物摄取不够广泛会如何?A项“维生素丸没有用”，而文中未曾提到维生素丸的作用，而根据常识服食维生素丸是可以补充暂时的维生素不足的，因此A不正确。B项“有营养的食物也可能是不健康的”，正如文中提到的腌肉，虽然腌肉也有营养，但只吃咸肉而没有足够的维生素，水手们依然患了败血症，第二段第一句也表达了此意，因此B项是正确的。C项“蔬菜叶子可以作为一味好药”，如果食物摄取不广泛，蔬菜叶子并不能作万能的药，在文中它只适合于败血症的治疗，所以C项不准确。D项“宗教式的斋戒会很有帮助”，而文中提到，在进行斋戒时需要特别补充某些缺乏的维生素，所以D项不正确。

15.【答案】C。

【解析】这一题是读者对全文中心的理解，文章以败血症开篇引出维生素的重要性，末尾也提到了维生素的摄取途径，而这些都是为了突出维生素的重要性服务的。因此这篇文章的中心在于讲述维生素的重要性，所以应选C项。

Text 8

The exact number of English words is not known. The large dictionaries have over half a million entries, but many of these are compound words (schoolroom, sugar bowl) or different derivatives of the same word (rare—rarely, rarefy), and a good many are obsolete words to help us read older literature. Dictionaries do not attempt to cover completely words that we can draw on: the informal vocabulary, especially slang, localism, the terms of various occupations and professions. words use only occasionally by scientists and specialists in many fields. foreign words borrowed for use in English. or many new words or new senses of words that come into use every year and that may or may not be used long enough to warrant being included. It would be conservative to say that there are over a million English words that any of us might meet in our listening and reading and that we may draw on in our speaking and writing.

Professor Seashore concluded that first graders enter school with at least 2,000 words and add 5,000 each year so that they leave high school with at least 80,000. These figures are for recognition vocabulary, the words we understand when we read or hear them. Our active vocabulary, the words we use in speaking and writing, is considerably smaller.

You cannot always produce a word exactly when you want it. But consciously using the words you recognize in reading will help get them into your active vocabulary. Occasionally in your reading pay particular attention to these words, especially when the subject is one that you might well write or talk about. Underline or make a list of words that you feel a need for and look up the less familiar ones in a dictionary. And then before very long find a way to use some of them.

Once you know how they are pronounced and what they stand for, you can safely use them.

16. In the author’s estimation, there are ____ words in English.

A. more than half a million B. at least 24,000

C. at least 80,000 D. more than a million

17. The word “obsolete” most probably means ____.

A. no longer in use B. profoundC. colorful or amusing D. common

18. One’s recognition vocabulary is ____.

A. less often used than his active vocabularyB. smaller than his active vocabulary

C. as large as his active vocabularyD. much larger than his active vocabulary

19. The author does not suggest getting recognition vocabulary into active vocabulary by ____.

A. making a list of words you need and looking up the new ones in a dictionary

B. everyday spending half an hour study the dictionary

C. consciously using the words you recognize in reading

D. trying to use the words you recognize

20. From this passage we learn that ____.

A. dictionaries completely cover the words we can make use of

B. “schoolroom” is used in the passage as an example of a specialized term

C. once you know how a word is pronounced and what it represents, you have turned it into your active word

D. active vocabulary refers to words we understand when we read and hear them

16.【答案】D。（北京安通学校提供）

【解析】在第一段中明确写道：保守估计，在听说读写各方面可能会遇到的英语单词超过一百万个。从这一句我们可以看出D项“一百万多个”是正确的。A项不正确，而B项是指高中毕业生的词汇量，C项是指一年级学生的词汇量。

17.【答案】A。

【解析】对这一题我们可以通过上下文的意思来判断，文中写道obsolete words是用来帮助我们阅读古代文学的，由此我们可推断出，obsolete words是用于古代文学中的，即老式词，所以A项“不再使用的”与原文相近，B、C、D都不正确。

18.【答案】D。

【解析】在第二段末尾，明确提到recognition vocabulary(认识词汇)是用于读或听的词汇，active vocabulary(会用的词汇)是说和写时用的词汇，后者比前者小得多，即会用的词汇小于认识的词汇，这样不难看出D项是正确的，而A项“比会用的词汇用得少”，这在原文中未曾提及，B、C两项与原文意思不符。

19.【答案】B。

【解析】这一题要求我们对原文充分理解后，结合排除法来做。文中第三段讨论了这个问题，我们可以在其中发现A项：把你需要用的词列成一张单子，然后在字典中查出生词的涵义，C项：有意识地多用你在阅读中认识的新词，D项：尝试使用你认识的词。在排除以上三项之后只有B项，每天读半小时的字典符合题意。

20.【答案】C。

【解析】这一题要求对全文通篇有所理解后才能决定出答案，并且这种题无法从文中找到一个可用判断的确切依据，须用排除法结合大意来做。A项认为“字典完全包括我们所用的词汇”，而原文中提到字典并不企图完全包含我们所用的词汇”，因此A是不正确的。B项认为“schoolroom在本文中用于说明特定术语”，而文中提到schoolroom时是作为复合词的例证，因此B是不正确的。C项认为“一旦你知道一个词如何发音且代表什么，你就掌握了这一单词”，这与原文中的“一旦你知道一个词如何发音且代表着什么，你就能安全地运用它”的意思相符，所以C项是正确的。