名师解析：考研英语阅读理解B七选五题型

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2008:04:30 12:11:09
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

解题原则分析：

　　求同存异123原则：文章的相邻段落之间存在着联系又同时存在差别。段落之间的联系体现为二者之间共享同一主题词；段落之间的差别体现为后面的段落比前面段落要多出一些内容，而且这些多出的内容恰恰体现了“启下”的关系。因此，利用段落之间的差额主题名词，即“相同表联系，相异引下文”的原则，便可以确定下一段落的主题词。

解题步骤分析：

　　第一段：Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.

　　主题词：Canada’s premiers

　　主体动作：have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa 在抱怨渥太华后留下一口气
　　might spare a moment to do something 该节约点时间做些事
　　reduce health-care costs.减少医疗健康成本

　　第二段：They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.

　　主题词：they 即Canada’s premiers

　　主体动作：groaning about soaring health budgets 抱怨与日俱增的医疗健康预算
are pharmaceutical costs.是药品成本

　　第二段主题与第一段主题做减法得出的差额决定供选择的41题目主题为：pharmaceutical costs. 在备选答案中找到以该词为主题词的段落，即E

　　第三段：According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.

　　主题词：Canadian Institute for Health Information 加拿大医疗健康信息局

　　主体动作：prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. 自从1997年处方药品成本增加速度较之医疗健康总额快两倍。
　　is higher prices.是高价格。

　　第四段：What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care----to say nothing of reports from other experts----recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.

　　主题词：Romanow commission and the Kirby committee

　　主体动作：recommended the creation of a national drug agency. 倡导建立一个国家型组织。
　　would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.该集中资源，与渥太华合作，并且建立一个国家型组织。

　　第四段主题与第三段主题做减法得出的差额决定供选择的42题目主题为：
　　recommended the creation of national institution. 在备选答案中找到以该词为主题的段落，即C

　　第五段：What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

　　主题词：Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby

　　主体动作：recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

　　第六段：But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial----provinces combining efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitals within a province----negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces. Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.

　　主题词：national agency, interprovincial—provinces

　　主体动作：combining efforts to create one body.联手建立一个组织
　　would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. 如果可能与药品公司协商价格。
　　the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.国家型组织代表所有省份协商价格。
　　the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. 国家型组织代表三千一百万人协商价格。
　　the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.潜在消费者越多，价格会更加合理。

　　第六段主题与第五段主题做减法得出的差额决定供选择的43题目主题为：would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. 如果可能与药品公司协商价格。
　　the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.国家型组织代表所有省份协商价格。
　　the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. 国家型组织代表三千一百万人协商价格。
　　the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.潜在消费者越多，价格会更加合理。在备选答案中找到以该词为主题的段落，即G

　　第八段：A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join.

　　主题词：national agency, the Canadian Co-coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, Common Drug Review

　　主体动作：A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. 已经采取了一定的措施目的是建立一个加拿大医疗技术评估协同办公室，由渥太华和其他省份资助。
　　drugs should be included.要包含药品。
　　Quebec refused to join.魁北克拒绝加入。

　　第九段：A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.

　　主题词：A few premiers, Ottawa, national list, drug costs

　　主体动作：are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. 怀疑任何联邦省际间的交易。
want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. 想要渥太华多承担几十亿的费用，和附带的一些份额。
　　That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.那就是为什么国家组织清单的想法一无所获，而药品成本持续增加。

　　第九段主题与第八段主题做减法得出的差额决定供选择的44题目主题为：
　　are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.怀疑任何联邦省际间的交易。
　　want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. 想要渥太华多承担几十亿的费用，和附带的一些份额。
　　That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.那就是为什么国家组织清单的想法一无所获，而药品成本持续增加。在备选答案中找到以该词为主题的段落，即F

　　第十段：So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.

　　主题词：the provinces

　　主体动作：want to run the health-care show,想要经营医疗健康秀
　　should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices. 应该证明他们有能力经营，从一个省际清单开始，节约管理成本，避免任何一个省的反对，并且协商更合理的价格。

　　第十一段：Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report 0selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”

　　主题词：Premiers, Mr. Romanow’s report, A national drug agency, pharmaceutical companies

　　主体动作： love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report 0selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”喜欢选择性的引用Mr. Romanow的报告，尤其关注钱的部分。或许他们应该读到关于药品的表述：“一个国家性药品组织应该给政府压力去影响药品公司，目的是限制日趋增加的药品成本。

　　第十一段主题与第十段主题做减法得出的差额决定供选择的45题目主题为：
　　love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report 0selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”喜欢选择性的引用Mr. Romanow的报告，尤其关注钱的部分。或许他们应该读到关于药品的表述：“一个国家性药品组织应该给政府压力去影响药品公司，目的是限制日趋增加的药品成本。在备选答案中找到以该词为主题的段落，即B
　　Directions: In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (2005年真题原文)
　　Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.
　　They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.
41.
　　What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care----to say nothing of reports from other experts----recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.
42.
　　But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial----provinces combining efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitals within a province----negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces. Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.
43.
　　A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join.
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.
44.
　　Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report 0selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”
45.
　　So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.
A. Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!
B. Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report:“the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies”
C. What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.
D. The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.
E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.
F. So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.
G. Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way.

　　They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its, list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.