“魔板”：新托福作文短期提高技巧

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2008:06:27 15:15:28
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

大家都知道，我们中国人其实在英语的听说读写四个环节上最薄弱的就是输出的两个能力：说和写；而最强的就是输入的两个能力：读和听。而如果我们想在出国的道路上成为佼佼者，那么在保持传统强项的同时是否应该特别加强一下我们的口语和写作能力呢？

　　而根据我考TSE(TEST OF SPOKEN ENGLISH)的经验，其实口语考试分数的高低(注意这里仅仅是指考试分数)几乎完全取决于你到底背了多少段落。因为口语的TOPIC是覆盖面非常广泛的：教育、文化、历史、生物、科技、艺术等等，所以这就从客观上决定了考生必须背大量的段落，而实际上背的过程中也就是把不涉及过于具体内容的话背下来，到考试的时候再把听到或看到题目要求的具体内容往里面加。一定要注意是从背具体的段落到提炼抽象的魔板最后再回到具体的段落：

　　 ·具体

　　 ·抽象

　　 ·具体

　　下面我就分别以新TOFEL的综合部分和GRE/GMAT作文的“阿狗”部分为例分别给大家分享一下我个人对于满分的一些理解。

　　 TOEFL iBT

　　其实新托福加了综合部分以后，我个人认为是降低了难度。因为原来老托福的作文作为新托福作文的独立部分并没有什么太大的改变，而且大家都知道作文水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，那么我刚才说的不能盲目就是指大家不能在这个需要体现真正写作水平的部分去背段落，因为这个是会被认为是舞弊行为的。那么在综合、独立各占15分的时候，我们如果能把握住任何一个部分的高分实际上平均下来的分数就不会低。而综合部分由于是先读一篇文章，再听一段录音，然后让我们谈文章与录音的相互关系，而不用发表自己的观点这一题目本身的客观要求就决定了它是可以背由固定标准语句组成的“魔板”的。这正如研究生入学考试英语写作的小作文和雅思写作的小作文一样是有固定套路的。比如录音讲座要么就是质疑或者反驳了阅读段落；要么就是支持或者加强了阅读段落，所以只需要把相关描述质疑或者反驳与描述支持或者加强的固定语句背下来就可以得到一个相对较高的分数，如果考生同时又把相关要点表达准确和清楚了的话，那么满分是完全可能的。当综合部分有15分在手的时候，独立部分只要及格那么就能至少获得24分的作文高分！

　　比如以下两个“魔板“是分别描述质疑或者反驳以及支持或者加强的：

　　 Integrated Writing Task

　　 How the Integrated Writing Task is phrased:

　　 If the lecture challenges the information in the reading passage, the writing task will usually be phrased in one of the following ways:

　　 Ø.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.

　　 Ø.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.

　　 Ø.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.

　　 Showing Challenge

　　 In the lecture, the professor made several points about______________. The professor argues that__________________.

　　 However, the reading contends that________________.

　　 The professor’s lecture casts doubts on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to___________________________.

　　 The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that_________________.

　　 According to the professor,________________________________.

　　 _______________ differs from the reading in that the reading states _______________________________.

　　 The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading because_______________________.

　　 Another point that the professor uses to casts doubt on the reading is ___________________________________.

　　 The professor claims that______________________________________.

　　 However, the reading states _____________________________________.

　　 This point is contradicted by_____________________________________.

　　 Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of the reading, _____________________________________.

　　 In other words,______________________________________.

　　 This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because___________________________.

　　 In conclusion, the points made in the lecture contradict the reading.

　　 _________________and_______________ demonstrate that ___________is in doubt.

　　 If the lecture supports or strengthens the information in the reading passage, the writing task will usually be phrased in one of the following ways:

　　 Ø.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the reading passage.

　　 Ø.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they strengthen specific points made in the reading passage.