考研英语阅读理解思路透析和真题揭秘(40)考研

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2009:01:08 16:57:33
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　 1993年Passage 1
　　 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
　　 All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
　　 Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
　　 Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds. at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands. at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about l,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
　　 Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
　　 But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child , where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’ s babbling ( 咿呀学语) , grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
　　 34. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
　　 [A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
　　 [B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
　　 [C] The child’s brain is highly 0selective.
　　 [D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.
　　 [答案] B
　　 [解题思路]
　　 本题应该与原文一一对应进行排除。A选项对应于文章第五段第一句话"Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak"（近来的一些证据显示，婴儿天生就有说话能力），选项的表述与原文是一致的。C选项对应于文章第五段最后一句话"And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways"（更加令人难以置信的是，婴儿的大脑能够从他听到的周围各种声音中找到语言的顺序，并且对其进行分析，从而把这种语言以新的方式进行组合和重新组合），显然该选项也是正确的。D选项对应于文章文章第四段第一句话"Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age"（专家们指出人们学习语言的阶段往往是通过一个固定的进程、并且在一段时期内），而且第三、四两段主要就是围绕着D选项的表述展开的。因此这三个选项都不是答案。而B选型"Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning"的意思是鼓励对孩子学习语言来说根本不需要。而文章中谈到这个问题是在最后一段，讲的还是母亲的sensitive与否对孩子在学习语言方面所取得的进步至关重要。母亲的insensitivity会使孩子有气馁感，而只会发出明显易于捕捉的信号，sensitivity（也就是对孩子的信号有反馈进而encouragement）在孩子的语言发育和发展是至关重要的，因此与B的内容正相反，所以B是本道题目的正确答案。
　　 [题目译文]
　　 下面的哪一项不能从文章中推断得出？
　　 [A] 人类说话的能力是天生的
　　 [B] 鼓励对于孩子们的语言学习来说是至关重要的
　　 [C] 孩子的大脑有着高度的选择性
　　 [D] 大多数孩子在特定的时期学会他们的语言
　　 35. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will
　　 [A] have a high IQ
　　 [B] be less intelligent
　　 [C] be insensitive to verbal signals
　　 [D] not necessarily be backward
　　 [答案] D
　　 [解题思路]
　　 文章第四段第一句话指出"Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ"（专家们指出人们学习语言的阶段往往是通过一个固定的进程、并且在一段时期内，但是却有一些特例，那些孩子们掌握语言能力的时期较晚，但最后却变成了高智商的人）。这道题目假设的条件就是如果一个孩子比其他孩子说话说得迟，这个孩子将来的情况可能是什么样子，根据第四段的第一句话，语言学习都有特定的顺序和时间性，但是又有特殊情况，A和B与这句话的前后两个部分相矛盾，C的内容与原文表述的内容不符，原文中并没有提到孩子是否对事物(或信号)有不敏感的表现，而是提到他们的母亲在他们学习语言的阶段所发出的非语言信号敏感与否，因此C也不正确，只有D最符合第四段第一句话的表述，它包括两种可能性，即这个孩子有可能很迟钝，但是有可能又很聪明，因此D是本道题目的正确答案。
　　 [题目译文]
　　 如果一个孩子比其他孩子开始说话的时间晚，他会
　　 [A] 有很高的智商
　　 [B] 不那么聪明
　　 [C] 对语言信号不敏感
　　 [D] 不一定落后于其他人