中考英语语法——朗曼基础语法9情态动词初中升学考试
文章作者 100test 发表时间 2009:01:17 23:17:29
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
情态动词有can(能),may(可以),must(必须),have to(不得不),ought to(应该),dare(敢),used to(过去经常),had better(最好),would rather(宁愿)。在肯定句中它们后边都要接 动词原形 。在否定句中,can,may,must和dare后边加not;have to和ought to分别在have和ought后加not;used to的否定式可用used not to,也可用didn t use to,但后者用得较多;had better和would rather的否定式分别是had better not和would rather not。这些情态动词与现在完成时连用在某种意义上有一定的虚拟性。
I 肯定句和否定句中的情态动词
一、情态动词的现在式在肯定句中的比较
1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”
1) Mild forms of execrise can some of the loss of flexibility that accompanies aging.
[A] stop
[B] to stop
[C] stopping
[D] be stopped
但表示人体力或智力的具体动作时须用 be able to
He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。
2. may表示“允许,可以”,相当于be allowed to
2) If there is social or political change in a region [A] where a standard language [B] is spoken, local varieties [C] of the language may developing [D] .
may或might可和as well连用,表示“建议”,译为“还是……的为好”
You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。
You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。
3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”
3) The formation of snow must be occurring [A] slowly [B] , in calm air, and at a temperature near [C] the freezing point [D] .
4. have to 加动词原形,表示“不得不”,“必须”,它比must更强调客观
Tom had to work into the deep night everyday to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。
5. should 表示“劝告”,“建议”或“义务”时,译作“应当”,或表示“预测”和“可能”
He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父母亲老了,不能自理,他应当照顾他们。
He should be there now. 他可能到了。
should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”[参见第三章第一节、二、2.]。
6. ought ,只有一种形式,即ought后必须加to,然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事,译为“应当,应该”
4) The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are,not how they ought .
[A] to
[B] to be
[C] be
[D] have been
5) You are quite right.I am inferring in my comments [A] that McGraw had not ought to [B] have broken [C] in the room without his permission [D] .
7. dare 可以用作情态动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式,这主要用于否定句中,它本身可有现在时第三人称单数,词尾加s,它还可以有ING分词形式(daring)和过去式及ED分词形式(dared)
6) Although Oriental ideas of woman’s subordination to man prevailed in those days,she meet with men on an equal basis.
[A] did not dared
[B] dared not
[C] dared not to
[D] did dare not to
二、情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法
can t(can not, cannot) 表示“不可能”, may not 表示“不可以”, mustn t(must not) 表示“一定不要”,“不许可”,needn t (need not) 表示“不必”,dare not +动词原形 表示“不敢”
He can t finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。
He may not sleep now. 他或许现在没在睡觉。
You mustn t criticize her in that way. 你不应那样批评她。
You needn t come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。
He dared not meet his fiancée. 他不敢见女朋友。
三、例题解析
1) 正确答案为A。由于情态动词can要求跟动词原形,所以B和C都不对,can后虽然有被动形式,但在意义上和语法上与横线后部分都无法衔接,所以D也错。
2) D错。改为develop。may后要求跟动词原形,而developing是现在分词,显然不符合要求,所以应改为develop。
3) A错。改用 must occur,此处叙说的是客观现象,而非强调正在发生的事,故用一般现在时。
4) B为正确答案。
5) B错。改为ought not to。
6) B为正确答案。