如何监控Oracle索引的使用完全解析Oracle认证考试

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2009:04:10 01:58:37
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网


研究发现,oracle数据库使用的索引不会超过总数的25%,或者不易他们期望被使用的方式使用。通过 监控数据库索引的使用,释放那些未被使用的索引,从而节省维护索引的开销,优化性能。

1、在oracle8i中,确定使用了那个索引的方法意味着要对存在语共享SQL区中的所有语句运行EXPLIAN PALN,然后查询计划表中的OPERATION列,从而识别有OBJECT_OWNER和OBJECT_NAME列所确定的那个索引上的索引访问。

下面是一个监控索引使用的脚本,这个脚本仅仅是一个样品,在某种条件下成立:

条件:

运行这个脚本的用户拥有权限解释所有的v$sqlarea中的sql,除了不是被SYS装载的。plan_table.remarks能够别用来决定与特权习惯的错误。对所有的共享池中SQL,参数OPTIMIZER_GOAL是一个常量,无视v$sqlarea.optimizer_mode。两次快照之间,统计资料被再次分析过。没有语句别截断。所有的对象都是局部的。所有被引用的表或视图或者是被运行脚本的用户所拥有,或者完全有资格的名字或同义词被使用。自从上次快照以来,没有不受"欢迎"的语句被冲洗出共享池(例如,在装载)。对于所有的语句,v$sqlarea.version_count = 1 (children)。

脚本:

  Code: [Copy to clipboard]

  set echo off

  Rem Drop and recreate PLAN_TABLE for EXPLAIN PLAN

  0drop table plan_table.

  create table PLAN_TABLE (

  statement_id     varchar2(30),

  timestamp      date,

  remarks       varchar2(80),

  operation      varchar2(30),

  options        varchar2(255),

  object_node     varchar2(128),

  object_owner     varchar2(30),

  object_name     varchar2(30),

  object_instance    numeric,

  object_type     varchar2(30),

  optimizer      varchar2(255),

  search_columns     number,

  id            numeric,

  parent_id        numeric,

  position        numeric,

  cost        numeric,

  cardinality        numeric,

  bytes        numeric,

  other_tag      varchar2(255),

  partition_start   varchar2(255),

  partition_stop   varchar2(255),

  partition_id    numeric,

  other        long,

  distribution    varchar2(30),

  cpu_cost        numeric,

  io_cost        numeric,

  temp_space        numeric,

  access_predicates  varchar2(4000),

  filter_predicates  varchar2(4000)).

  

  Rem Drop and recreate SQLTEMP for 

    taking a snapshot of the SQLAREA

  0drop table sqltemp.

  create table sqltemp  (

  ADDR         VARCHAR2 (16),

  SQL_TEXT         VARCHAR2 (2000),

  DISK_READS        NUMBER,

  EXECUTIONS        NUMBER,

  PARSE_CALLS     NUMBER).

  

  set echo on

  Rem Create procedure to populate 

    the plan_table by executing

  Rem explain plan...for sqltext dynamically

  create or replace procedure do_explain (

  addr IN varchar2, sqltext IN varchar2)

  as dummy varchar2 (1100).

  mycursor integer.

  ret integer.

  my_sqlerrm varchar2 (85).

  begin dummy:=EXPLAIN PLAN 

    SET STATEMENT_ID= .

  dummy:=dummy||||addr||

    || FOR ||sqltext.

  mycursor := dbms_sql.open_cursor.

  dbms_sql.parse(mycursor,dummy,dbms_sql.v7).

  ret := dbms_sql.execute(mycursor).

  dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor).

  commit.

  exception -- Insert errors into 

    PLAN_TABLE...

  when others then my_sqlerrm :=

    substr(sqlerrm,1,80).

  insert into plan_table(statement_id,

    remarks) values (addr,my_sqlerrm).

  -- close cursor if exception 

    raised on EXPLAIN PLAN

  dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor).

  end.

  /

  

  Rem Start EXPLAINing all S/I/U/D 

    statements in the shared pool

  declare

  -- exclude statements with 

    v$sqlarea.parsing_schema_id = 0 (SYS)

  cursor c1 is 0select address, sql_text, 

    DISK_READS, EXECUTIONS, PARSE_CALLS

  from v$sqlarea

  where command_type in (2,3,6,7)

  and parsing_schema_id != 0.

  cursor c2 is 0select addr, 

    sql_text from sqltemp.

  addr2     varchar(16).

  sqltext    v$sqlarea.sql_text%type.

  dreads     v$sqlarea.disk_reads%type.

  execs     v$sqlarea.executions%type.

  pcalls     v$sqlarea.parse_calls%type.

  begin open c1.

  fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext,

    dreads,execs,pcalls.

  while (c1%found) loop

  insert into sqltemp values

    (addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls).

  commit.

  fetch c1 into addr2,

    sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls.

  end  loop.

  close c1.

  open c2.

  fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext.

  while (c2%found) loop

  do_explain(addr2,sqltext).

  fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext.

  end  loop.

  close c2.

  end.

  /

  

  Rem Generate a report of index 

    usage based on the number of times

  Rem a SQL statement using 

    that index was executed

  0select p.owner, p.name, 

    sum(s.executions) totexec

  from sqltemp s,

  (0select distinct statement_id stid, 

    object_owner owner, object_name name

  from plan_table where operation = INDEX) p

  where s.addr = p.stid

  group by p.owner, p.name

  order by 2 desc.

  

  Rem Perform cleanup on exit (optional)

  0delete from plan_table

  where statement_id in

  ( 0select addr from sqltemp ).

  0drop table sqltemp.

关于这个脚本,有几个重要的地方需要注意,即它可能一起明显的开销,因此,应该在仔细地进行 权衡后才把它应用到繁忙的生产应用系统中区。


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