09年职称英语概括大意与完成句子典型考题解析职称英语考试

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2009:04:10 02:13:25
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网


  典型考题解析
  概括大意题
  段落中有明显主题词
  (选自2008年卫生类C级概括大意与完成句子考题:Anti—aging secrets:four ways to stay young)
  A.Reduce Stress
  B.Avoid Isolation
  C.Adopt a Positive Attitude to Life
  D.Keep Your Mind Active
  E.Maintain Balance加入收藏
  F.Accept Failure
  23.Paragraph 2————
  2 Keeping the mind active is the best medicine against aging.Studies have shown that persons who remain active following retirement live longer.Brainpower and physical fitness go hand—in—hand.When minds are sharpened or active,we are more likely to be physically active.Even if aging results in slight memory loss or a little confusion,brain exercises such as crossword puzzles(填字字谜)can improve memory.
  D.解析:该段一共由5个句子组成,其中有3个句子中都出现了单词“active”,而且该词几乎是贯穿全段而出现,因此基本上可以肯定“active”就是该段主题词。备选项中只有选项D中出现了active,因此选项D(保持大脑活跃)很可能就是该段对应的段落主题。其实该段的段首句(观点句)就是段落主题句,该句说“保持大脑活跃是预防衰老的最好良方”。从该段的段落结构来看,段落开头提出了观点--要保持大脑活跃,因为大脑活跃能预防衰老,接下来作者就对这个观点进行分析及论述:首先提到了相关研究结果――智力和身体健康息息相关,然后分析了原因(智力活跃会造成身体活跃),在段落最后一句中作者提到锻炼大脑能提高记忆力。分析段落结构安排,查找段落主题句也是确认段落主题的常用方法。
  (选自2007年卫生类C级概括大意与完成句子考题:Clinical Trials)
  A Why are clinical trials done?
  B Where are clinical trials conducted?
  C Who should consider clinical trials and why?
  D What should people know before participating in a clinical trial?
  E What are clinical trials?
  F Are clinical trials safe?
  24.Paragraph 2_______.
  2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help.It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials b—e—c—a—us—e they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.
  C.解析:段落中出现了明显主题词:people,而且是贯穿全段出现,因此people(人,人们)是段落主题词,因此选项c(谁应该考虑临床试验,为什么?)和D(在参加临床试验之前人们应该了解什么?)可能是答案。其实该段中还有一个明显的主题词because(因为),该词正好与选项C中的why(为什么)呼应,段落结尾处出现了两个排比句,这两个句子中都涉及到段落主题词,因此这两个句子的内容能直接反映段落主题。这两个句子都是在说“人们参与临床研究是因为....”,显然这个内容与选项C呼应,因此C是答案。
   段落中有明显段落主题句
  (选自2007年卫生类A/B级概括大意与完成句子考题:Facts about stroke)
  A Effects of a stroke
  B Annual cost of stroke in the US
  C Definition and description of a stroke
  D Breakthroughs in treatment
  E Risk factors of stroke
  F Warning signs of a stroke
  23.Paragraph 2_____.
  2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(动脉)leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物)to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块)or bursts.When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs,so it starts to die.
  C.解析:段落中出现了明显的段落主题词brain,该词几乎贯穿全段出现,因此该词应该是其所在段落主题词,但是被选项中均没有brain出现,因此考虑采用其他的解题技巧。接下来关注段落中是否有较明显的段落主题句,首先关注段首句:段首句是定义句,该句说“中风是一种心血管疾病”(提示:如果段首句是观点句,概括句,定义句,则该段首句可能就是其所在段落的主题句),推测该段可能是在对中风进行介绍,被选项c恰好与段首句内容呼应,因此C很可能是答案。其实如果采取一种“段落2宇阅读法(阅读段落开头句和结尾句,段落中间跳看句子的某些结构)”,则会注意到段落中间部分的句子谈到“中风为什么会发生”,而段落结尾处提到了“中风的发生对大脑造成的影响”,显然这些内容都是围绕中风这种疾病进行介绍,因此进一步肯定了C是答案。
  (选自2008年卫生类A/B级概括大意与完成句子考题:Depression and the elderly)
  A How common is depression in later life?
  B What is depression?
  C What relieves depression in older people?
  D Why does depression in older people often go untreated?
  E Can depression in older people be treated?
  F What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people? 23.Paragraph l_____.
  1 We all feel sad at times.However,clinical depression is a serious matter.Clinical depression,sometimes called major depression,is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one’s thoughts,feelings,behavior,and physical health.When people complain that they feel terrible,they have no interest or take no pleasure in things,have trouble sleeping,have trouble sleeping,have poor appetite,or cannot concentrate,depression is a definite possibility.
  B.解析:“depression”在段落中出现了4次,因此可能是该段主题词,但由于备选中均出现了该词,所以借助“depression”这个词无法判断答案。现在留意段落中是否有段落主题句出现:段落第3句是典型的定义旬的结构(主语 系动词 表语),因此重点关注。该句说“临床诊断的抑郁症,有时被称为严重抑郁,从生物学来看是一种大脑纹乱,这种纹乱会影响人的思想,情感,行为和身体健康。”,从段落主题词(depression)来看,该段以“抑郁症”为主题,而段落中又出现了对抑郁症的详细定义,由此推断该段很可能主要是对depression(抑郁症)进行定义和描述,由此判断B(什么是抑郁症)可能就是该段主题。其实从该段段落结构来看,该段也主要围绕对抑郁症进行定义和描述:在段落开头(第2句)作者指出“临床诊断的抑郁症是一种严重的疾病”,然后接下来就对抑郁症进行了解释和定义(第3句),在段落的最后一句作者更详细地描述了抑郁症的症状表现,如:(have trouble sleeping)无法入睡,(have trouble sleeping)没有活力,(have poor appetite)胃口不好等。


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