公共英语一级精读荟萃基础篇(6)PETS考试

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2009:10:27 11:46:43
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

"nobil">　　Passage six(Dropouts for Ph. D. s)
　　Educators are seriously concerned aboutthe high rate of 0dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and theconsequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the0dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however,largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study waspublished. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent toformer graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed toshow many past fears to be groundless.
　　The 0dropouts rate was found to be 31per cent, and in most cases the 0dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D.requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing wellfinancially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levelsof those who went on to complete their doctorates.采集者退散
　　Discussing the study lastweek, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concernfrequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of theindividuals who 0dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing therequirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to bea waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources alreadybeing used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage ofhighly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuadingthe 0dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
　　“Theresults of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support theseopinions.”
　　1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for 0droppingout.
　　2. Most 0dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as wasconsistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
　　3. Most0dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education andmotivation.
　　Nearly 75 per cent of the 0dropouts said there was no academicreason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failureto pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to passlanguage exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by0dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was markedby 19 per cent.
　　As an indication of how well the 0dropouts were doing, a chartshowed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none ofthe Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone inthe $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the0dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in theacademic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are stilllagging behind other fields.
　　As to the possibility of getting 0dropouts backon campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevailfor at least 25 % of the 0dropouts who might consider returning to graduateschool would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level ofincome and in some cases their present job.
　　1. The author states thatmany educators feel that
　　[A] steps should be taken to get the 0dropouts backto campus.
　　[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school tocontinue their study.
　　[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjustedperson than the 0dropout.
　　[D] The high 0dropouts rate is largely attributableto the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
　　2. Research hasshown that
　　[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financialattainment.
　　[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studies.
　　[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field ofspecialization if he 0drops out.
　　[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
　　3. Meeting foreignlanguage requirements for the Ph. D.
　　[A] is the most frequent reason for0dropping out.
　　[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for thehumanities candidate.
　　[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D.programs.
　　[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.www.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到百考试题
　　4. Afterreading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
　　[A] optimismreigns in regard to getting Ph. D. 0dropouts to return to their pursuit of thedegree.
　　[B] a Ph. D. 0dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes tolearn the degree.
　　[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial numberof Ph. D. 0dropouts.
　　[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve innonacademic positions.
　　5. It can be inferred that the high rate of0dropouts lies in
　　[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
　　[B] academic requirementtoo high.
　　[C] salary for 0dropouts too high.
　　[D] 1000positions.
　　Vocabulary
　　1.0dropout 辍学者，中途退学
　　2.well-rounded 全面的
　　3.attrition 缩/减员，磨损
　　4.drain 枯竭
　　5.bracket 一类人，（尤指按收入分类的）阶层
　　6.lagging behind other fields 落后于其它领域
　　7.glum 阴郁的