阅读方法： 1.先看题干关键词再读文章，抓住考试原则句 2.文章详略程度的把握：细节举例快读，结论慢读 3.固定类型文章：实验型文章，分类型文章 4.主题题：主题句的确定方法 5.细节题：准确定位，主要考考试原则句 6.词汇题：根据上下文关系 7.推理题：正确答案在文章中存在 8.态度题：找直接评价语句 细节题准确定位方法： 1、根据题干关键词定位。（注意题干关键词在文章中的同义词） 例：brave=bold 2、利用因果、条件、比较关系词定位。 例：It s a better way of education. 条件词：It is a good way of education；if.... At...When...都是if的同义转换。 3、注意结合顺序原则定位。 4、难于定位时，抓住段落中最重要的考试原则句进行反推 18. Echo location in this article means the _____.根据顺序原则定位在第三段。 A) location of echoes B) ability to determine where an echo comes from C) scientific term for sound waves D) ability to locate unseen objects by echoes To appreciate the precision of the bats echo location, we must first consider the degree of their reliance upon it. Thanks to sonar, an insect-eating bat can get along perfectly well without eyesight. This was brilliantly demonstrated by the Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani. He caught some bats in a bell tower, blinded them. and released them outdoors. Four of these blind bats were recaptured after they had found their ways back to the bell tower, and on examining their stomachs contents, Spallanxani found that they had been able to capture and eat flying insects. We know from experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night, even when the insects make no sound that can be heard by human ears. A bat will catch hundreds of softbodied silent flying insects in a single hour. It will even detect and chase pebbles (卵石) tossed (向上扔)into the air. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: 31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________ A) complain personally to the manager B) threaten to take the matter to court C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store 32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it s better to complain to ________. A) a shop assistant B) the manufacturer C) the store manager D) a public organization 33. The most effective complaint can be made by _________. A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item C) saying firmly that the item is of poor quality D) asking politely to change the item 34. The phrase "live up to"(Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________. A) meet the standard of B) realize the purpose of C) fulfill the demands of D) keep the promise of 35. The passage tells us _________. A) how to settle a consumer s complaint about a faulty item B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C) how to avoid buying a faulty item D) how to deal with complaints from customers When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer s claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. 注：1.present v. 提交 2.主题句后将介绍其他不同投诉的方法 A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. 注：the more...the more... 比较结构，可以跟32题联系在一起。 （到此处，文章后面的题目中有4道题已经可以定位了。31题、32题、34题和35题） Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立体声音响)does not work." 注：1.firmly 坚决的 2.demonstrate 证明、证实 3.specific 具体的，详细的 4.as to = about The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers rights. 33. The most effective complaint can be made by _________. A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item C) saying firmly that the item is of poor quality D) asking politely to change the item 注：B 选项 exactly =文中specific，同义改写 31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________ A) complain personally to the manager B) threaten to take the matter to court C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store 注：1.A、B、C是窜段选项 2.提交保单或有力证明是文章中第一段就提到的the first step When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer s claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. 32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it s better to complain to ________. A) a shop assistant B) the manufacturer C) the store manager D) a public organization 注：级别越高，解决问题越快 A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the " higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. 34. The phrase "live up to"(Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________. A) meet the standard of B) realize the purpose of C) fulfill the demands of D) keep the promise of 注：词汇题。 1.or 前后两部分意思相近：faulty 产品有问题/不符合厂家宣称质量 2.采用代入法，将选项代替文中的 live up to ，找到符合句义的选项 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer s claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. 35. The passage tells us _________. A) how to settle a consumer s complaint about a faulty item B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C) how to avoid buying a faulty item D) how to deal with complaints from customers 注：1.主题题，有效投诉 2.其他的选项都是从商场的角度，而文章是从消费者的角度来写的。