2010年6月英语四级考试命题剖析与指导：听力理解英语四级考试

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2010:03:18 22:15:40
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　第三章 听力理解
　　第一节 听力理解命题剖析与预测
　　听力理解是四级考试中分值较大的一个部分，占整份试卷的35%。它总共分为3个部分，四种类型：Section A由8组短对话和2组长对话组成，前者含有八个问题，后者含有7个问题，分值为15%.Section B由3篇短文组成，含有10个问题，分值为10%.Section C由一篇短文组成，要求填写7个单词和3句话，分值为10%。
　　一、听力理解命题剖析(略)
　　二、听力理解命题预测(略)
　　第二节 听力理解应试指导——“定位法”
　　根据听力部分的命题特点可知，“定位法”是最适合的解题方法之一，可以完全按照其基本步骤来解题，即：预测→定位→验证。
　　一、预测
　　鉴于听力的特殊性——阅读材料中只有题支，没有题干，所以主要是通过题支(复合式听写除外)来预测。预测的基本原则是：联系想内容，区别(反义)定答案.相似可能选，绝对定不选.积极可能选，消极必不选。“联系想内容”是指通过各个题支之间的联系来猜测听力材料的内容.“区别(反义)定答案”是指各个题支间的区别是确定答案的关键地方，尤其是意思截然相反的选项，其中之一很可能就是正确答案.“相似可能选”，是指两个结构相似的句子可能其中之一是正确答案.“绝对定不选”，是指内容过于绝对的选项一定不是正确答案，例如：选项中出现了only, all, any, best等词.“积极可能选，消极必不选”，其实是一个问题的两个方面，是指内容积极向上或者含义深刻的选项有可能是正确选项，而内容消极的选项一定是不正确的选项。但是，由于听力部分含有四种不同的题型，所以除了这个适用于所有听力预测的基本原则之外，每种题型都有自己一些特殊的预测方法，请具体参见后面各节中的解题技巧点拨部分。这里只针对一般情况作出举例说明。
　　1.联系想内容
　　A) Give his ankle a good rest.
　　B) Treat his injury immediately.
　　C) Continue his regular activities.
　　D) Be careful when climbing steps.
　　M: Today is a bad day for me. I fell off a step and twisted my ankle.
　　W: Don’t worry, usually ankle injuries heal quickly if you stop regular activities for a while.
　　Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
　　【预测】四个题支的关键区别是谓语不同：give, treat, continue 和be careful，但其中的ankle, injury，regular activities 和climbing steps等之间互有联系，可猜测本题与脚踝受伤有关，而且是女士对男士所提的建议，所以要重点听女士的话语。
　　2.反义定答案
　　A)The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
　　B)The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.
　　C)The tools have already been returned to the woman.
　　D)The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.
　　W: Simon, could you return the tools I lent you for building the bookshelf last month?
　　M: Uh, well, I hate to tell you this…but I cant seem to find them.
　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
　　【预测】选项C和D的意思截然相反，其中之一必是正确答案。
　　3.—6(略)
　　二、定位
　　由于卷面上的听力部分只有选项没有问题，所以除了要定位选项的内容之外，还必须在听的过程中对问题进行定位，这是做好听力的关键。对于问题的定位，一般会涉及到“5w1h”，即：where, when, who, why, what, how.同时，也可以通过题支的语法特点和含义来提前对问题定位，例如：by doing sth.表示方式。对于选项内容(正确答案)的定位，一般遵循“听到啥选啥”的原则(短对话除外)。例如：(略)
　　三、验证(略)
　　第三节 短对话
　　一、短对话解题技巧点拨
　　一般来说，短对话部分共有8组对话，8个问题，每个对话涉及一个问题，彼此之间无联系。而且，与听力部分的其他题目相比，短对话是相对简单的一种题型。它的内容与大学生的日常生活结合最紧密，可能会涉及到学习、考试、住宿、交际、天气、购物、就餐、旅游、约会、交通、工作、送行、会议、娱乐、锻炼、职业等方面。
　　就解题方法和技巧而言，除了听力通用的“联系想内容，区别(反义)定答案.相似可能选，绝对定不选.积极可能选，消极必不选”的基本原则之外，短对话的解题有一个与其他题型特别不同之处，即：听啥不选啥。“听啥不选啥”，是指对原文直接重复的选项一般不是正确答案。这是因为短对话比较简单，要求考生能完全听懂，并对听到的内容有比较深刻的理解。例如：百考试题论坛
　　A)Having confidence in her son.
　　B)Telling her son not to worry.
　　C)Teaching her son by herself.
　　D)Asking the teacher for extra help.
　　W: What would you do if you were in my place?
　　M: If Paul were my son, I’d just not worry. Now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he is working hard himself, he’s sure to do well in the next exam.
　　Q: What’s the man’s suggestion to the woman?
　　【技巧点拨】选项B中出现了原文的not worry，选项D中出现了原文的his teacher is giving him extra help，但是正确答案A几乎没有出现对话中的原词。
　　二、短对话真题例析
　　2009年6月真题
　　11.A)She expected more people at her party. B)She enjoys entertaining small children.
　　C)She threw a surprise party for her friend. D)She has always enjoyed great popularity.
　　12.A)They are not used to living in a cold place. B)They feel lucky to live in Florida.
　　C)They are going to have a holiday. D)They have not booked their air tickets yet.
　　13.A)He was pleased to get the medal. B)He was very courageous.
　　C)He used to be a firefighter. D)He was accused of causing a fire.
　　14.A)Make a profitable investment. B)Buy a new washing machine
　　C)Get parts for the machine from Japan. D)Have the old washing machine fixed.
　　15.A)He is pleased with his exciting new job. B)He finds the huge workload unbearable.
　　C)He finds his office much too big for him. D)He is not so excited about his new position.
　　16.A)The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.
　　B)The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.
　　C)The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.
　　D)The man offers to drive the woman to the party.
　　17.A)Drawing up a business plan. B) Discussing a term paper.
　　C) Finalizing a contract. D)Reviewing a co-authored article.
　　18.A)She ordered some paper. C)She chatted online with a friend.
　　B)She had the printer repaired. D)She filled in an application form.
　　【预测】
　　11.A)She expected more people at her party.
　　B)She enjoys entertaining small children.
　　C)She threw a surprise party for her friend.
　　D)She has always enjoyed great popularity.
　　11.四个选项的谓语侧重点和时态都不同，要注意问题如何提问.其中涉及到party, entertain, children, friend, enjoy等词，可以猜测是跟派对有关。
　　12.A)They are not used to living in a cold place.
　　B)They feel lucky to live in Florida.
　　C)They are going to have a holiday.
　　D)They have not booked their air tickets yet.
　　12.四个选项侧重点不同，注意问题的问法.其中涉及到place, live, holiday, book tickets等词，可以猜测跟居住地和旅游有关。
　　13.A)He was pleased to get the medal.
　　B)He was very courageous.
　　C)He used to be a firefighter.
　　D)He was accused of causing a fire.