我驻英大使在“马克思主义在中国”座谈会主旨发言

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2011:08:01 10:14:35
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

驻英国大使刘晓明在驻英使馆举办的“马克思主义在中国”座谈会上的主旨发言
　　2011年7月20日，中国驻英国大使馆
　　Keynote Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the Marxism in China Seminar
　　20 July 2011, Chinese Embassy in the UK

　　女士们、先生们，
　　朋友们：
　　Ladies and Gentlemen,
　　Dear Friends,
　　欢迎大家出席中国驻英使馆举办的“马克思主义在中国”座谈会。很高兴见到这么多英国从事研究马克思主义的专家与学者。今天的活动，我认为是：天时、地利、人和。
　　First of all, a very warm welcome to all of you to the Chinese Embassy. It’s a great pleasure to meet so many British scholars of Marxism and share thoughts with you on Marxism in China. It strikes me that the timing, venue and participants of our event are well-chosen, relevant and impressive. Let me explain why:
　　一是天时。今年是中国共产党成立90周年，不久前中国隆重举行了庆祝纪念活动。中国共产党作为一个马克思主义理论孕育催生、历经各种血与火考验的政党，其90年波澜壮阔的历史，可以说就是一部马克思主义真理在中国的发展史、实践史。
　　First, it comes at the right time. This year marks the 90th anniversary of the Communist Party of China or CPC. High-profile celebrations have been underway across China. The CPC was born out of Marxism and has stood the tests of time and adversity. The extraordinary 90 years since its founding have been a history of development and practice of Marxism in China.
　　二是地利。英国是马克思和恩格斯的“第二故乡”，马克思主义在这里成型、成熟，从这里传向世界、播至东方。我记得，到任英国不到半个月，我就曾同使馆青年一道拜谒了坐落于海格特公墓的马克思墓；我也曾参观过伦敦市中心索霍区的马克思故居、大英博物馆内著名的“马克思的脚印”,踏寻伟人的历史足迹。
　　Second, we have chosen the right place. Britain is the second home of Karl Marx and Friederich Engels. This is the land where Marxism took shape and matured. It was from Britain that Marxist theory spread worldwide. Within two weeks of my arrival in London as Ambassador I visited the Highgate Cemetery. I went with my young colleagues in the Embassy to pay tribute to Marx. I went further to retrace the steps of this great thinker and mentor. I visited his central London home in Soho and toured the British Museum to see where Karl Marx wrote and studied.
　　三是人和。大家或是长期从事马克思主义的研究，或是长期探索实践马克思主义，或是参与马克思主义政党的领导和组织工作，正是马克思主义使我们大家坐到一起，共同讨论。
　　Third, we bring together the right people. Many of you are scholars of Marxism, long time campaigners for Marxism or leaders and participants in Marxist parties. It’s Marxism that gives us this opportunity to exchange ideas together.
　　关于“马克思主义在中国”这个主题，我想谈三点：
　　Regarding the theme of our discussion today, Marxism in China, I would like to make three points:
　　第一，中国为什么选择马克思主义？
　　First, why has Marxism been the choice of China?
　　中国选择马克思主义，是在近代以来中国社会发展进步的壮阔进程中，在经历艰苦顽强的上下求索后，人民和历史作出的抉择。20世纪初的中国内忧外患，但无论是旧式的农民革命，还是资产阶级改良，抑或资产阶级革命，都没有也无法改变中国的命运。直到俄国十月革命爆发，马克思主义这一系统、科学的世界观和方法论传入中国，才让人们看到了漫漫黑夜中的明灯，迎来了中国共产党成立这一开天辟地的大事变。
　　Marxism became the choice of the Chinese people following a painstaking journey of exploration and perseverance since the second half of the 19th century. The early 20th century saw China and its people in deep crisis, both internal and external. Neither old-style peasant revolts or bourgeois reform or revolution could make any difference to China’s plight and destiny. The October Revolution in Russia made a profound impression on many Chinese people. It pointed to a solution to free the Chinese people from their terrible predicament. That solution was the theory of Marxism as a systematic, scientific world outlook and methodology that could be spread to China. Four years later, in 1921, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded in Shanghai. It was to become a party that has profoundly changed the history and the destiny of China.
　　从此，中国共产党以马克思主义为基本理论指导，团结带领人民在中国这块古老沧桑、饱经磨难的土地上，完成和推进了三件大事：一是完成了新民主主义革命，实现民族独立、人民解放。二是完成了社会主义革命，确立社会主义基本制度。三是进行了改革开放新的伟大革命，开创、坚持、发展了中国特色社会主义，推动现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。中国从90年前的一盘散沙、四分五裂、封闭愚昧、温饱不足，经历了最广泛最深刻的社会变革，变成了今天的团结和谐、统一强大、自信开放和总体小康。
　　In the years since 1921, using Marxist theory as its guide, the party has evolved through many tremendous challenges. The Party has led China and her people through three great revolutions, one after another, amid many trials and tribulations. First, the new democratic revolution achieved national independence and people’s liberation. Second, the socialist revolution established socialism as the basic political system. Third, the new, great revolution of reform and opening-up put China on a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This third revolution has been fundamental to the great success of the drive to modernize China. These three revolutions witnessed China’s rebirth through 90 years of social transformation. No country in world history has ever experienced such widespread and profound change and in such a short period of time. When the CPC was founded in 1921 China was a divided, isolated and impoverished land. China has now emerged as a united, harmonious, confident and prosperous country open to the entire world.
　　第二，马克思主义怎样在中国发展？
　　My second question for you today is this: how did Marxism match with the reality of China as a country?
　　马克思主义不是僵硬刻板的教条和一成不变的公式。马克思和恩格斯在1872年《共产党宣言》德文版序言中曾指出，由于时代的变迁和实践的发展，宣言中“这些基本原理的实际运用，正如《宣言》中所说的，随时随地都要以当时的历史条件为转移”，一些论述“有的地方已经过时了”，“在今天看来是不完全的”。恩格斯1895年在《致威纳尔·桑巴特》的信中亦曾指出：“马克思的整个世界观不是教义，而是方法。它提供的不是现成的教条，而是进一步研究的出发点和供这种研究使用的方法。”
　　As you will know Marxism is by no means a set of rigid dogmas. You can read this in the preface to 1872 German Edition of the Communist Manifesto. Here Marx and Engels made this very important observation that relates to changes of time and development of practice. Marx and Engels wrote: "The practical application of the principles will depend, as the Manifesto itself states, everywhere and at all times, on the historical conditions for the time being existing". They continued with: "This programme has in some details been antiquated" and some literature "is deficient in relation to the present time". In his letter in 1895 to Werner Sombart, Engels wrote: "The entire conception of Marx is not a doctrine but a method. It does not offer made dogmas, only starting points for subsequent investigation and the method for such investigation."