人教版2006年河北昌黎一中英语语法-主动表被动[整理]

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:24 23:05:50
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

主动形式表达被动意义小结

一般情况下，在英语中，主动语态表达主动意义，而被动语态表达被动意义。但是，在某些情况下，被动意义却用主动语态的动词形式来表达。以下就是几种情况。

Lock, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行者的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。

The poem translates well.

The cloth washes easily.

Bikes of that kind hardly sell.

2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen表示“称重，测量，花费，持续，发生”等状态动词或不及物动词，虽然汉语有被动意义，但英语要用主动形式。

The meeting lasted two hours.

What happened to him last night.

3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste等半系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义。

The bamboo chair feels cool.

His theory sounds reasonable.

4. 表示“需要”的need，want，require等动词以及形容词worth后面，跟动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义。

The old house wants repairing (or: to be repaired)

This dictionary is well worth buying.

5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy 等用于说明主语性质特征的表语形容词后面，所跟的不定式用主动形式表被动意义，该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系

What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.

The schoolbag seemed heavy to carry.

The water in the river is unfit to drive.

6. 不定式作定语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，间接宾语或说话人时，不定式用主动表被动。

She has an old grandfather to look after.

Have you any homework to do this evening?

Please give the child a picture-book to read.

Is there anything else to do?